植物知识的转变:在南部奥西坦阿尔卑斯山的植物使用变化背后的生态和文化动力
Mousaab Alrhmoun1,2, Naji Sulaiman1, Andrea Pieroni1,3
1University of Gastronomic Sciences, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II 9, 12042 Pollenzo, Italy.
Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 13, 2025
概括
阿尔卑斯山的传统植物知识正在被侵蚀,药用较少,与食物相关的植物更多. 年龄较大的个体和较低的海拔显示出更多样化的民族植物学知识.
科学领域:
- 民族植物学 民族植物学
- 文化人类学 文化人类学
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
背景情况:
- 传统生态知识 (TEK) 对于理解人类与环境的相互作用至关重要.
- 阿尔卑斯山地区是社会经济和环境变化的敏感指标.
- 植物知识动态受文化和生态因素的影响.
研究的目的:
- 调查阿尔卑斯山南部奥西坦地区的药用植物和野生食物植物知识的时间和文化变化.
- 分析植物利用模式变化的驱动因素.
- 评估社会经济和环境因素对传统生态知识 (TEK) 的影响.
主要方法:
- 使用Maira,Stura和Grana山谷 (1970-2022) 的数据进行比较的民族植物学研究.
- 分析了308种植物类型及其利用趋势.
- 后勤回归模型用于识别影响植物多样性和知识的因素.
主要成果:
- 在使用Asteraceae和Lamiaceae家族的显著下降,表明TEK侵蚀.
- 越来越多地使用布拉西卡和阿马兰塔,可能与社会经济转变有关.
- 近年来观察到,药用植物的使用减少,对食品系统植物的依赖增加.
- 高度 (600-1600米) 和参与者的年龄是植物知识多样性的关键因素.
结论:
- 阿尔卑斯山地区的植物知识正在经历重大转型.
- 社会经济和环境的变化正在重塑传统生态知识 (TEK).
- 该研究强调了植物知识系统的弹性和适应能力.
相关概念视频
01:24Biodiversity and Human Values
13.0K
Human civilization relies on biodiversity in many ways. Sudden changes in species biodiversity result in environmental changes that can modify weather patterns and therefore human civilizations.
13.0K
01:50Threats to Biodiversity
22.1K
There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
22.1K
02:17Ecological Succession
17.1K
Ecological succession is influenced by the processes of facilitation, inhibition, and toleration. Facilitation occurs when early successional species create more favorable ecological conditions for subsequent species, such as enhanced nutrient, water, or light availability. In contrast, inhibition happens when early successional species create unfavorable ecological conditions for potential successive species, such as limiting resource availability. In some cases, later successional species...
17.1K
02:39Predator-Prey Interactions
16.1K
Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
16.1K
02:40Epiphytes, Parasites, and Carnivores
12.9K
Plants often form mutualistic relationships with soil-dwelling fungi or bacteria to enhance their roots’ nutrient uptake ability. Root-colonizing fungi (e.g., mycorrhizae) increase a plant’s root surface area, which promotes nutrient absorption. While root-colonizing, nitrogen-fixing bacteria (e.g., rhizobia) convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3), making nitrogen available to plants for various biological functions. For example, nitrogen is essential for the...
12.9K
01:57Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss
25.1K
Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
25.1K