基于传感器的,特定地点的肥应用对作物产量,平衡和效率的影响
Ludwig Hagn1, Martin Mittermayer1, Andreas Kern2
1Chair of Organic Agriculture and Agronomy, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 2, 85354 Freising, Germany.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 13, 2025
概括
在冬季小麦中基于传感器的可变速率 (N) 应用可以将肥使用量减少高达38公斤/公/年,并提高效率. 然而,结果因田间条件而异,需要进一步优化,以便可靠地在农场内使用.
科学领域:
- 农学和作物科学 农学和作物科学
- 精准农业 精准农业 精准农业
- 土壤肥力管理 管理土壤肥力管理
背景情况:
- 优化 (N) 肥的应用对于冬季小麦 (Triticum aestivum L.) 产量至关重要,影响产量,质量和环境可持续性.
- 田间的空间变化需要超越统一的N应用 (UA) 的先进应用策略,以精确匹配作物需求.
- 基于传感器的可变速率应用 (VRA) 提供了一种有前途的方法来解决现场异质性.
研究的目的:
- 调查基于传感器的VRA与UA对冬季小麦谷物产量,蛋白质含量,N吸收,N平衡和N效率的影响.
- 在不同的N应用策略下分析这些参数的空间可变性.
- 评估在线地图叠加VRA方法在农场内N受精的有效性和可靠性.
主要方法:
- 在49公的异质耕地进行了为期四年的农场带试验 (2020-2023年).
- 实现基于传感器的VRA,使用拖拉机上的传感器系统来确定32和39的生长阶段的N要求.
- 综合特定地点的产量潜力和植物发展,来自对VRA处方图的光谱反射率测量.
主要成果:
- 与UA相比,与VRA相比,N肥料应用减少了高达38公斤ha-1年.
- 提高了15%的N效率,并显著降低了N余额的变化.
- 观察到VRA的产量和N效益高度依赖于特定条件 (天气,疾病,作物发展),VRA在每个试验中都没有超过UA.
结论:
- 基于传感器的VRA系统显示了优化冬季小麦中N管理的令人鼓舞的潜力,并按预期运行.
- 需要进行进一步的调整和优化,以确保VRA系统在不同农场条件下提供稳健可靠的性能.
- VRA可以导致减少N输入和提高N效率,但它的成功取决于环境.
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