在精英足球运动员中,饮食障碍和关于身体构成分析的自我认知的流行程度
Wiktoria Staśkiewicz-Bartecka1,2, Grzegorz Zydek3, Małgorzata Magdalena Michalczyk2
1Department of Food Technology and Quality Evaluation, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.
Journal of human kinetics
|February 13, 2025
概括
精英足球运动员表现出饮食障碍 (ED) 的高风险,超过一半的人表现出潜在的症状. 较高的身体脂肪,而不是肌肉质量,与ED风险增加有关,这强调了有针对性的心理健康支持的需要.
科学领域:
- 运动医学 运动医学
- 心理健康 心理健康
- 营养精神病学 营养精神病学
背景情况:
- 饮食障碍 (EDs) 和神经性偏食 (ON) 是运动员的重要问题.
- 人体构成越来越被认为是影响运动中ED风险的潜在因素.
研究的目的:
- 调查精英足球运动员中ED,ON和身体感知问题的普遍性.
- 检查身体成分 (脂肪质量,肌肉质量) 与这些心理健康问题之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及51名精英和第一师足球运动员的横截面研究 (2024年3月至4月).
- 使用了经过验证的问卷:饮食态度测试 (EAT-26),杜塞尔多夫正食量表 (DOS),身体尊严量表 (BES).
- 使用直接细分多频生物电阻分析 (DSM-BIA) 评估的身体组成.
主要成果:
- 超过50%的球员的ED风险查结果呈阳性;大约33%的球员面临ED风险.
- 较高的脂肪质量与ED风险增加有显著的关联.
- 肌肉质量与ED风险没有显著的相关性;ON风险与身体组成无关.
- 身体形象一般中度,但较高的体脂与较低的感知上肢力量相关.
结论:
- 精英足球运动员患ED风险很高,需要有针对性的干预措施.
- 身体成分,特别是较高的脂肪质量,是这个人群中ED风险的一个重要因素.
- 干预措施应解决ED和身体形象问题,承认身体尊严和ED/ON发展之间的联系有限.
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