视角冲突扰乱了实时语言理解中的实用推理
Dale J Barr1, Hanna Sirniö1, Beáta Kovács1
1School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow.
Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition
|February 13, 2025
概括
当说话者和听众的观点发生冲突时,受访者很难解决模两可的语言. 早期的参考分辨率只有当两个视点对齐时才会发生,否则,处理速度会减慢.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 心理语言学 心理语言学
- 实验心理学 实验心理学
背景情况:
- 了解听众如何处理模两可的语言对于沟通至关重要.
- 发言人的观点会影响解释,但它在解决暂时的模两可的问题上的作用是有争议的.
研究的目的:
- 调查听众如何利用说话者的视角来解决口语中暂时的模两可的问题.
- 检查相互矛盾的观点对参考决议的影响.
主要方法:
- 进行了两个视觉世界眼球追踪实验.
- 一个新的"显示更改"任务创造了相互矛盾的发言人-收听者的视角.
- 对于每个视角,分歧点被独立控制.
主要成果:
- 听众只有在说话者和听众的视角允许早期清晰化时,才能在早期解决引用.
- 相互矛盾的观点导致了偏好的外观减少和反应时间减慢.
- 干扰表明实用推断暂停或处理不兼容的观点的认知限制.
结论:
- 现有的透视理论可能无法完全解释实时语言处理.
- 认知负载或实用推理的暂停,当观点发生冲突时,会阻碍解释.
- 未来的研究应该探索在沟通中看待视角的基础上的认知机制.
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