知道强奸:在种族隔离后的南非,将种族歧视的受害者变成道德公民
Sonia Rupcic1,2
1Population Studies and Training Center, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
概括
在南非,由于复杂的社会法律因素,许多妇女不会报告强奸. 了解"知道被强奸"对于正义和公民义务至关重要,但对幸存者来说仍然模两可.
科学领域:
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
- 性别研究是性别研究.
- 法律与社会 法律与社会
背景情况:
- 在南非,性别暴力很普遍,报告率很低,特别是在农村地区的黑人妇女中.
- 声称妇女不承认她们被强奸是常见的,影响了干预和法律方法.
- 从种族隔离到民主的过渡重新定义了妇女在国家建设中的角色,特别是黑人土著妇女.
研究的目的:
- 为了检查妇女不知道她们在南非被强奸的说法.
- 分析受"知道被强奸"概念启发的干预措施.
- 探索"强奸"作为活动家和幸存者的概念的矛盾性质.
主要方法:
- 对围绕强奸"误认"的索赔进行定性分析.
- 在南非托霍扬多 (Thohoyandou) 一名幸存者寻求正义的案例研究.
- 检查关于种族隔离后强奸和公民身份的社会政治话语.
主要成果:
- 一个共识出现了,认为"知道强奸"是黑人土著妇女的公民义务,与道德公民身份和国家建设有关.
- "强奸"作为一个模两可的含义,在那些倡导承认和幸存者的经历之间创造了断层.
- 幸存者寻求正义的追求往往被这些概念和实践的分离所阻碍.
结论:
- "知道被强奸"作为公民义务的概念,虽然旨在赋权,但它复杂化而不是澄清了对性别暴力幸存者的正义追求.
- 围绕强奸的定义和承认的模糊性使解决性别暴力问题的系统性失败永久化.
- 需要进一步的研究来弥合法律/活动家框架和幸存者的性别暴力和寻求正义的现实之间的差距.
相关概念视频
Fundamental Attribution Error
12.8K
According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
12.8K
Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
89.9K
Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
89.9K
Bystander Effect
9.5K
The discussion of bullying highlights the problem of witnesses not intervening to help a victim. This is a common occurrence, as the following well-publicized event demonstrates. In 1964, in Queens, New York, a 19-year-old woman named Kitty Genovese was attacked by a person with a knife near the back entrance to her apartment building and again in the hallway inside her apartment building. When the attack occurred, she screamed for help numerous times and eventually died from her stab wounds.
9.5K
Ethnic Identity within a Larger Culture
28
Adolescents from ethnic minority backgrounds face a multifaceted journey in forming their identities, shaped by the intersections of cultural expectations and personal exploration. For these adolescents, identity formation involves not only typical developmental challenges but also navigating the perceptions and attitudes of the majority culture. As they grow, adolescents in ethnic minority groups often become increasingly aware of stereotypes, social biases, and discrimination, all of which...
28
Ethics and Bioethics
1.3K
Ethics is a philosophical study of moral actions. Ethics attempts to determine what is valuable for individuals and society. It examines the rational justification of moral judgments and analyzes what is morally just, fair, and right. Bioethics is a sub-discipline of applied ethics that analyzes the philosophical, social, and legal issues in life sciences and medicine. Ethical theories serve as a foundation for decision-making and represent the viewpoints from which people seek direction. They...
1.3K
Criticisms of the Evolutionary Perspective
87
In a study where individuals posing as strangers offered compliments and proposed casual sex to students, the responses differed significantly based on gender. Not a single woman accepted the proposal, while 70% of the men agreed. This outcome provides a useful scenario to explore through the lens of evolutionary psychology and social learning theory, highlighting the diverse perspectives on human sexual behaviors.
Evolutionary psychology provides one explanation for these findings, suggesting...
Evolutionary psychology provides one explanation for these findings, suggesting...
87


