通过共振声学混合进行快速,高度可持续的环开聚合
Harriet R Fowler1, Riley O'Shea2, Joseph Sefton3
1School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
概括
本研究介绍了一种可持续的方法,用于创建可生物降解的聚合物,使用共振声学混合 (RAM) 和环开聚合 (ROP). 这种环保的工艺减少了溶剂的使用和生物医学应用的反应时间,如药物输送.
科学领域:
- 聚合物化学 聚合物化学
- 可持续制造 可持续制造 可持续制造
- 生物医学材料 生物医学材料
背景情况:
- 开发可持续和可生物降解的聚合物对于减少环境影响至关重要.
- 传统的聚合物合成通常涉及恶劣的条件,有毒溶剂和金属催化剂.
- 需要新的聚合技术来创建用于生物医学应用的先进材料.
研究的目的:
- 报告第一个共振声学混合 (RAM) 和受控环开放聚合 (ROP) 的组合.
- 为终端功能化,可生物降解的聚合物开发可持续的制造途径.
- 探索农业来源的发起剂用于新聚合成的使用.
主要方法:
- 利用共振声学混合 (RAM) 作为一种用于环开聚合 (ROP) 的新型混合技术.
- 使用农业来源的烯醇作为循环的ROP的功能化启动剂.
- 使用最小的溶剂进行了聚合反应,没有有机金属催化剂,反应时间/温度降低.
主要成果:
- 成功合成了一系列新型,可生物降解的聚烯.
- 使用RAM在室温下证明了公斤级聚合物的合成,与需要高温 (150°C) 和金属催化剂的传统方法形成鲜明对比.
- 从合成的聚合物中展示了牛血清白蛋白 (BSA) 的封装和释放,表明了药物输送应用的潜力.
- 观察到聚合物头组化学物质影响蛋白质释放率.
结论:
- 共振声学混合 (RAM) 与受控环开放聚合 (ROP) 结合,为生产可生物降解聚合物提供了高效和可持续的途径.
- 农业来源的发起剂可以合成适合生物医学用途的功能化聚合物.
- 通过减少溶剂使用,消除对金属催化剂的需求,降低能源需求,RAM技术显著降低了环境影响.
相关概念视频
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)
2.5K
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
2.5K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview
2.0K
Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists...
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists...
2.0K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)
1.9K
Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
1.9K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism
2.4K
The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this...
2.4K
Acid-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides
7.0K
Epoxides that are three-membered ring systems are more reactive than other cyclic and acyclic ethers. The high reactivity of epoxides originates from the strain present in the ring. This ring strain acts as a driving force for epoxides to undergo ring-opening reactions either with halogen acids or weak nucleophiles in the presence of mild acid. The acid catalyst converts the epoxide oxygen, a poor leaving group, into an oxonium ion, a better leaving group, making the reaction feasible. The...
7.0K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview
2.3K
Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
2.3K


