工作记忆能力和自我调整:对儿童和成人都有一致的好处
Zahra Ahmed1,2, Janet F McLean1, Kevin Allan3
1Faculty of Social and Applied Sciences, Kydd Building, Abertay University, Dundee, UK.
British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)
|February 14, 2025
概括
自我提示在儿童和成人中显著提高工作记忆能力,增强记忆结合. 这种效应独立于注意力和基线能力,表明一种独特的自我引用机制.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
背景情况:
- 众所周知,自我引用会影响注意力和记忆等认知过程.
- 以前的研究表明,自我引用可能通过注意力优先级来增强工作记忆.
- 缺乏直接证据将自我提示与提高工作记忆能力联系起来,独立于注意力.
研究的目的:
- 提供直接的证据表明,自我提示可以提高工作记忆能力.
- 为了调查自救诱导的工作记忆增强是否与注意力功能有关.
- 检查自我提示对儿童和成人工作记忆能力的影响.
主要方法:
- 调整了一个口头工作记忆复杂跨度任务,使用"自我" (自己的名字),"其他" (非自我名字) 和控制 (没有名字) 条件.
- 在两个实验中测试了7-9岁的儿童 (N=71) 和成年人 (N=52).
- 测量工作记忆跨度和注意力处理,包括向后数字跨度.
主要成果:
- 与"其他"和控制条件相比",自我"条件在儿童和成年人中显著增加了工作记忆的跨度.
- 观察到的工作记忆能力的增加与注意力处理或向后数字跨度的测量无关.
- 在儿童和成年人中,无论他们的基线能力如何,都发现了相当的工作记忆能力提升.
结论:
- 自我调味直接提高工作记忆能力,独立于注意力处理.
- 基于自我关联项目的增强结合的块化解释解释了能力提升.
- 这种对工作记忆的自我引用效应在各个年龄组和注意力能力之间是强大的.
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