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孕期百日咳疫苗接种:区域情况和实施对拉丁美洲国家免疫计划的影响
Angela Gentile1, Vanesa E Castellano1, Rolando Ulloa-Gutierrez2
1From the Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Epidemiología, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
拉丁美洲的母体,白喉和非细胞性百日咳 (Tdap) 疫苗接种减少了婴儿百日咳死亡率和病例死亡率. 然而,到2021年,疫苗接种率下降,需要持续监测.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 婴儿很容易感染百日咳 (百日咳),这是早期发病率和死亡率的重要原因.
- 为保护新生儿,已实施针对百日咳的母体疫苗接种.
- 这项研究检查了拉丁美洲的孕产妇百日咳疫苗接种计划.
研究的目的:
- 审查拉丁美洲 (LATAM) 国家的孕产妇,白喉和非细胞性百日咳 (Tdap) 疫苗接种特征.
- 评估Tdap疫苗对婴儿百日咳死亡率和病例死亡率 (CFR) 的影响.
主要方法:
- 分析来自拉美国家与母亲Tdap在他们的国家免疫计划的数据.
- 收集的数据包括百日咳发病率,婴儿死亡率,疫苗接种特征和覆盖率.
- 通过比较Tdap引入前后的时间来评估对死亡率和CFR的影响.
主要成果:
- 包括11个拉美国家,在2012-2019年期间引入Tdap,通常是在怀孕20周时.
- 介绍后百日咳的发病率显著下降,特别是从2020年开始.
- 大多数国家看到婴儿死亡率和CFR的减少,尽管到2021年,Tdap和其他白喉,破伤风和百日咳疫苗的覆盖率下降.
结论:
- 在拉美国家中,孕产妇Tdap疫苗接种策略各不相同.
- 在大多数参与国家中,将母婴Tdap疫苗接种纳入国家计划中,成功地减少了大多数参与国家的1岁以下婴儿的百日咳病例,死亡和CFR.
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