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与低能量的可用性相关的运动员营养教育干预措施:系统性审查
Alexandra F DeJong Lempke1,2, Laura M Reece3,4,5, Kristin E Whitney3,4
1Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America.
PloS one
|February 14, 2025
概括
营养教育干预措施有效地提高了运动员的知识,并推动了打击低能耗 (LEA) 的行为. 尽管方法各不相同,但这些计划在预防体育运动中的LEA方面表现有前途.
科学领域:
- 运动科学与营养 运动科学与营养
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 营养教育 营养教育
背景情况:
- 低能量的可用性 (LEA) 是运动员的一个重要问题,通常是由于燃料供应不足造成的.
- 营养教育是预防和管理运动群体LEA的关键策略.
- 需要对LEA营养教育干预措施的现有证据进行全面综合.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和综合有关营养教育干预措施的证据,以解决运动员营养知识差距和低能量可用性 (LEA) 的问题.
- 评估这些干预措施对运动员饮食知识,行为和LEA结果的有效性.
主要方法:
- 医学数据库 (MEDLINE, Web of Science) 的系统文献搜索于2023年7月进行,并于2024年7月更新.
- 纳入标准:对成年运动员的研究,营养教育干预措施以及对饮食知识,行为或LEA的评估影响.
- 使用物理治疗证据数据库 (PEDro) 尺度进行质量评估;提取有关干预方法和结果的数据.
主要成果:
- 包括12项研究,平均PEDro得分为5,表明质量中等.
- 干预措施的持续时间和形式各不相同,主要涉及对燃料和营养摄入的面对面会议;一半包括LEA特定的教育.
- 大多数干预措施在改善营养知识和推动运动员行为方面表现出有利的结果.
结论:
- 营养干预措施对体验或有低能量可用性 (LEA) 风险的运动员有好处.
- 目前的营养教育方法异质,突出了对标准化的需要.
- 未来的研究应该专注于制定标准化,翻译性的营养教育计划,以广泛打击LEA并增强运动员的营养知识.
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