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相关概念视频

Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy01:16

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...
Switching of BJT01:22

Switching of BJT

Switching behavior in Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) is a fundamental aspect utilized in various electronic circuits, particularly for digital logic applications like switches and amplifiers. In a typical switching circuit, a BJT alternates between cut-off and saturation modes, corresponding to the "off" and "on" states, respectively, thus behaving like an ideal switch.
Cut-off Mode ("Off" State): In this state, both the emitter-base and collector-base junctions are reverse-biased. The...
Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control01:21

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control

Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
Phase-lag controllers do not place a pole at zero, but instead influence the steady-state error by amplifying any finite,...
Reclosers and Fuses01:26

Reclosers and Fuses

Automatic circuit reclosers enhance the protection of distribution circuits by interrupting and auto-reclosing an AC circuit according to a preset sequence. They effectively manage temporary faults on overhead distribution lines, often caused by tree limbs or wildlife, by briefly disrupting service to improve overall reliability. However, contact with reclosers or energized broken conductors on the ground can pose serious hazards.
A comprehensive protection scheme for radial distribution...
Differential Relays01:20

Differential Relays

Differential relays are used to protect generators, buses, and transformers by comparing electrical quantities at different points. When a fault occurs, the difference in current between the two points triggers the relay to operate, opening the circuit breaker. Under normal conditions, the current entering (i1) and leaving (i2) a generator are equal. When a fault occurs, however, these currents become unequal, and the difference current flows in the relay operating coil, causing the relay to...

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Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
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热光开关具有波长分割复杂化功能的热光开关.

Guoyan Zeng, Daming Zhang, Xiaoqiang Sun

    Optics letters
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    概括
    此摘要是机器生成的。

    本研究介绍了一种紧的热光开关,它集成了波长分割复杂化 (WDM) 和路由功能. 这种新型设备实现了同时波长分离和路径重新配置,以实现高效的光通信系统.

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    科学领域:

    • 光子学和光学工程的工程.
    • 集成光学 集成光学 集成光学
    • 电信技术 电信技术 电信技术

    背景情况:

    • 紧和灵活的光学交换机对于推进光通信网络至关重要.
    • 将多个功能集成到一个单一的设备中,例如波长分割 (de) 多倍化 (WDM) 和路由,这是一个关键的挑战.

    研究的目的:

    • 提出并实验证明一种具有集成WDM功能的新型热光开关.
    • 为了在一个紧的设备中实现同时波长分离和光路径重新配置.

    主要方法:

    • 开关设计采用1x2贝齐尔多模干扰仪 (MMI) 和角度多模干扰仪 (AMMI).
    • 该设备是在基平台上制造的,折射率差异为2%.
    • 热光效应用于控制光路径和波长分离.

    主要成果:

    • 展示的开关成功地分离了1490nm和1550nm波长,并重新配置了光学路径.
    • 实现的性能指标包括过量损失<1.2 dB,交叉声响<-21.7 dB,灭绝比>21.7 dB和3 dB带宽>30.8 nm.
    • 切换时间很快 (0.88毫秒上升,0.94毫秒下降),功耗为246.6兆瓦.

    结论:

    • 开发的热光开关有效地将WDM和路由功能结合在一个紧的足迹 (13.63 × 0.385 mm2) 中.
    • 该设备表现出卓越的光学性能,包括低损耗,高灭绝率和宽带宽.
    • 它的可扩展设计有望为未来的通信系统构建大型端口计数光学交换机.