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社会人口因素和对多种极端天气事件的脆弱性:美国的一项全国性研究
Roger Wong1, Lingling Zhang2, Kai Zhang3
1Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Norton College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA; Department of Geriatrics, Norton College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
The Science of the total environment
|February 14, 2025
概括
气候变化增加了极端天气事件. 这项研究根据气候事件的暴露确定了四个美国成年子组,揭示了女性和南部和西部居民的更高脆弱性. 有针对性的灾害管理至关重要.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
背景情况:
- 气候变化正在增加全球极端天气事件的频率和强度.
- 数以百万计的美国居民容易受到这些事件的影响,但对联合暴露的研究是有限的.
- 了解对多种气候事件的脆弱性对于有效的公共卫生和灾害管理战略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定美国成年人接触多种气候事件的不同模式.
- 检查与不同程度的气候事件脆弱性相关的社会人口统计因素.
- 为适应气候变化提供有针对性的干预措施和资源分配信息.
主要方法:
- 隐性类别分析被用来对10,282名美国成年人进行分类,这些成年人根据自己报告的热浪,强风暴,野火,干旱和海平面上升的经历进行分类.
- 使用加权的多项物流回归来分析气候事件脆弱性的社会人口学预测因素.
- 数据来自于2022年5月收集的全国代表性样本.
主要成果:
- 确定了四个不同的气候事件暴露子组 (潜伏类):低脆弱性 (54.6%),热风暴脆弱性 (22.2%),热干旱脆弱性 (13.4%),高脆弱性 (9.8%).
- 较高的脆弱性与女性 (RRR=1.42),居住在南方 (RRR=2.05) 或西部 (RRR=9.31) 相关.
- 西班牙裔成年人显示出更高的热旱脆弱性风险 (RRR=1.51),而老年人显示出更低的高脆弱性风险 (RRR=0.39).
结论:
- 在美国境内,存在着不同程度的易受气候事件影响的不同亚群.
- 调查结果突出了考虑到社会人口统计学因素的量身定制的灾害准备和应对策略的需要.
- 优先考虑高风险个人和地区的资源对于减轻不断升级的气候相关事件的影响至关重要.
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