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增加儿童疫苗接种覆盖率可以减少跨年龄组的流感病例:基于代理物的建模研究

Katherine V Williams¹, Mary G Krauland², Mary Patricia Nowalk¹

¹Department of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.

The Journal of infection

|February 14, 2025

概括

在儿童中增加活体减弱型流感疫苗 (LAIV) 接种率可以显著减少所有年龄组的整体流感病例和住院治疗. 这一战略通过保护接种疫苗的儿童和更广泛的社区,为公众健康带来了广泛的好处.

科学领域:

流行病学流行病学
公共卫生公共卫生
疫苗学疫苗学疫苗学

背景情况:

引入护理人员使用的鼻喷雾活体减弱型流感疫苗 (LAIV) 为提高流感疫苗接种覆盖率提供了机会.
在学龄儿童中增加疫苗接种率可以在所有年龄人口统计学中产生实质性的直接和间接公共卫生效益.

研究的目的:

评估在学龄儿童 (5-17岁) 中增加流感疫苗接种对使用基于代理物的模型对整体流感流行病学的影响.
量化因加强儿童疫苗接种而导致不同年龄组流感病例和住院病例的潜在减少.

主要方法:

利用复制流行病学动态框架 (FRED),这是一个基于代理的模型,结合了美国人口普查数据和个体特征.
模拟了学龄儿童 (5-17岁) 增加疫苗接种情况,以评估对年龄分别流感发病率和住院率的影响.

主要成果:

在学龄儿童中,疫苗接种率增加了5%-15%,导致他们的症状病例减少了3.2%-10.9%,整体减少了3.3%-11.6%.
据估计,每年减少的病例为522,867-1,810,170例,其中包括学龄儿童,整体病例为1,394,687-4,945,952例.
美国每年住院病例的潜在减少高达49,977,其中65岁及以上的人群的影响最为显著 (23,258).

结论:

通过LAIV增加学龄儿童的流感疫苗接种覆盖率,可以积极影响所有年龄段的流感动态.
该战略强调了针对性儿童疫苗接种计划的潜力,以产生广泛的社区对流感的保护.

关键词:

疾病传播疾病传播流行病学模型流行病学模型人类人类人类人类人类传染性传染性的流感是一次流感.学校年龄的人口.接种疫苗接种疫苗

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