改善医疗机器学习模型,以公平性和卓越性的生成平衡
Brandon Theodorou1,2, Benjamin Danek1,2, Venkat Tummala1
1University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
NPJ digital medicine
|February 14, 2025
概括
公平游戏使用大型语言模型来生成合成患者数据,提高机器学习模型的性能,减少对不同患者群体临床结果预测的偏见.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
- 健康 公平 卫生 公平
背景情况:
- 用于临床结果预测的机器学习面临着不平衡数据集和持久偏见的挑战,导致健康不平等.
- 现有的方法很难解决罕见的结果,并确保在不同患者群体中提供公平的治疗.
- 数据表示的差异和积极标签的稀缺性加剧了预测偏见.
研究的目的:
- 引入FairPlay,一种使用大型语言模型的新型合成数据生成方法.
- 为了提高算法性能和减轻临床结果预测中的偏差.
- 改善医疗保健数据集中的代表性和保护患者隐私.
主要方法:
- 利用大型语言模型 (LLM) 来生成现实的匿名合成患者数据.
- 增强现有数据集以改善表示和捕获复杂模式.
- 利用合成数据来训练和评估用于临床结果预测的机器学习模型.
主要成果:
- 公平游戏显著提高了不同患者子组的死亡率预测性能,F1评分提高了21%.
- 这种方法可以减少子组的绩效差距,而不需要额外的现实数据或改变培训管道.
- 在多个实验设置中,在性能和公平性指标上都观察到一致的改进.
结论:
- 公平游戏为生成保护隐私的合成数据提供了一种有效的策略,以解决临床ML中的偏见和性能限制.
- 这种方法提高了预测模型的公平性和准确性,为更公平的医疗保健做出了贡献.
- 使用LLM合成数据生成为改善敏感医疗领域的人工智能应用提供了一个有希望的途径.
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