脊椎动物肺的起源和逐步演变
Ye Li1, Mingliang Hu1, Zhigang Zhang2
1Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.
Nature ecology & evolution
|February 14, 2025
概括
脊椎动物肺部的进化揭示了一个共同的遗传基础,早于肺部存在. 自骨鱼祖先以来,新的基因和调控变化可能推动了肺部的发展和专业化.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 进行比较的基因组学.
- 发育生物学是发展生物学.
背景情况:
- 肺是陆地脊椎动物的重要呼吸器官,它们存在于骨类鱼类中,但不在软骨鱼类中,为器官进化提供了洞察力.
- 了解肺部进化需要检查脊椎动物物种之间的遗传和发育相似性和差异.
研究的目的:
- 研究脊椎动物肺部发育的进化起源和遗传基础.
- 识别有助于肺形成和功能的保存和新型遗传元素.
主要方法:
- 分析不同脊椎动物物种中成年和发育中的肺部单细胞RNA测序数据.
- 对比基因组分析以确定保存和新型基因和增强剂.
- 在模型生物 (如小鼠) 中对关键基因的功能验证.
主要成果:
- 在物种之间发现了肺细胞组成,发育轨迹和基因表达模式的显著相似性.
- 肺部发育的实质性遗传基础,包括基因和增强剂,存在于脊椎动物的共同祖先中,甚至存在于缺乏肺部的物种中.
- 鉴定了哺乳动物特异性膜1型细胞和AGER和SFTA2等基因,SFTA2的缺失导致小鼠的严重呼吸缺陷.
结论:
- 脊椎动物的肺部进化是由调控网络的修改和新基因的出现所塑造的.
- 肺部发育的遗传工具包在肺部出现之前已基本建立,随后的创新推动了专业化.
- 特定的基因,如SFTA2,在哺乳动物的肺功能中起着关键作用,强调了基因在器官进化中的重要性.
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