时间从结构:儿童从视觉阵列中推断过去事件的时间顺序
Brandon W Goulding1, Emily Elizabeth Stonehouse2, Ori Friedman2
1University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 2E9, Canada. b.goulding@uwinnipeg.ca.
Psychonomic bulletin & review
|February 14, 2025
概括
5岁的孩子可以通过观察物体的排列来推断过去的事件,比如块. 从结构上理解时间的能力随着年龄的增长而发展,年轻的孩子发现它更具挑战性.
科学领域:
- 认知发展 认知发展
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 空间推理 空间推理
背景情况:
- 物体的位置为过去事件的时间顺序提供了线索.
- 地质学家和历史学家使用对象分层来确定相对年龄.
- 了解儿童如何发展这种时间推理能力至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究儿童从物体结构中推断时间顺序的能力的发展.
- 检查了解过去和未来事件序列的年龄相关差异.
- 探索儿童早期从结构推断时间的基础上的认知机制.
主要方法:
- 在3至6岁的317名儿童中进行了3项实验.
- 参与者查看了对象数组的图像,并选择了代表第一个或最后一个位置的项目.
- 最后的实验包括对未来事件序列的判断.
主要成果:
- 到5岁时,孩子们在推断过去事件的顺序方面表现出显著的准确性.
- 关于"第一个"的推断比"最后一个"更准确.
- 儿童更擅长推断未来事件的顺序,而不是过去事件的顺序.
结论:
- 孩子们通过模拟这些事件的展开来推断过去的事件.
- 3-4岁的孩子在执行这些时间模拟时可能会遇到困难.
- 这项研究突出了从幼儿时期的时间结构推断的发展轨迹.
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