在4个职业足球联赛中,比赛特征与环境温度之间的关联
Edgar Schwarz1, Rob Duffield2, Andrew Roman Novak2
1Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
European journal of sport science
|February 15, 2025
概括
在职业足球比赛中,更高的环境温度显著降低了传球和控球. 球队在热场比赛时应适应战术,并考虑减热策略以保持表现.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 环境生理学环境生理学
- 足球分析 足球分析
背景情况:
- 环境条件,特别是温度,会影响运动员的表现.
- 了解这些影响对于优化职业体育训练和比赛策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究环境温度 (干球温度和湿球温度) 与职业足球比赛特征之间的关联.
- 在多个职业联赛中确定受热应激影响的特定绩效指标.
主要方法:
- 收集了来自德国,西班牙和澳大利亚职业足球联赛的1585场比赛的27个表现指标.
- 获得的环境数据是干球体温度 (T) 和湿球体温度 (WBGT).
- 利用线性回归和线性混合模型来分析绩效指标和环境因素之间的关系.
主要成果:
- 在四个联赛中,17个研究参数中有8个与T和WBGT有显著的关联 (p < 0.002).
- 较高的温度导致短传球减少,传球成功率增加,对手进入最后三分之一的传球减少.
- 触摸,接收和转账的数量随着T和WBGT的增加而显著下降 (所有p < 0.001).
结论:
- 环境温度升高和热应力显著改变了职业足球比赛的特点.
- 涉及高音量的关键动作,如传球和球控制,在热应力下减少.
- 足球队应该预料到在炎热的条件下改变比赛的比赛,并考虑实施战术调整和减热策略.
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