收入与按年龄的福祉趋势的关系:对未来的影响老年人"被遗忘"的低中产阶级
David H Rehkopf1, Frank F Furstenberg2, Christian Jackson1
1Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States.
Health affairs scholar
|February 17, 2025
概括
社会福利政策忽视了下层中产阶级,导致身体和精神健康下降. 这一趋势在50-59岁的中等收入人群中最为严重,影响了他们的未来退休.
科学领域:
- 社会科学 社会科学 社会科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 卫生经济学 卫生经济学
背景情况:
- 社会福利政策往往排除中产阶级下层,一个越来越多的经济边缘化群体.
- 这一群人面临着无法获得许多基于需求的社会服务的困境.
- 了解这一群体内的福祉趋势对于政策评估至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 检查不同家庭收入水平的身体,精神和功能健康的20年趋势.
- 确定中低收入人口中的特定趋势.
- 评估这些趋势对未来退休福利的影响.
主要方法:
- 使用行为风险因素监测系统 (BRFSS) 的数据进行描述性研究.
- 从2003年到2022年,对美国40-74岁人口 (n=5,308,256) 的大量代表性样本进行分析.
- 按家庭收入类别对福利趋势的分层.
主要成果:
- 在收入水平之间观察到幸福趋势的显著和一致的差异.
- 在20年期间,所有年龄组的整体幸福感都下降了.
- 低中等收入家庭的下降最为明显,特别是50-59岁的个人.
- 不同的趋势在身体,精神和功能健康指标中是一致的,在身体和功能领域最明显.
- 趋势并没有被种族,体重指数或吸烟状况显著地解释.
结论:
- 低中产阶级经历了不成比例地恶化的福祉趋势.
- 如果目前的趋势继续下去,50-59岁的中低收入群体将在退休后面临明显较差的福祉.
- 迫切需要重新评估社会福利政策,以满足中产阶级下层的需求.
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