老年人的基本收入如何影响自雇者的健康?
1Sol Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Economics and human biology
|February 17, 2025
概括
基本收入补充改善了自雇退休人员的健康状况,减少了贫血,增强了认知功能和福祉. 雇佣工人没有看到显著的健康益处,尽管两组人的食物供应情况都有所改善.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 卫生经济学 卫生经济学
背景情况:
- 老年人面临着独特的健康挑战.
- 退休人员的就业状况 (自雇与雇员) 可能会影响健康结果.
- 社会保护和收入稳定影响健康和福祉.
研究的目的:
- 调查基本收入计划对老年退休工人的健康影响.
- 为了比较基本收入对自雇者和雇员的影响.
- 评估健康状况的变化,医疗保健的使用情况和食品的可用性.
主要方法:
- 一个集群随机对照试验在墨西哥尤卡坦州进行.
- 70岁以上的老年人每月获得收入补充.
- 在两个波段中,治疗城镇 (瓦拉多利德) 和对照城镇 (莫图尔) 的健康结果进行了比较.
主要成果:
- 自雇人员的血减少,肺功能改善,更好地记住单词,健康满意度增加.
- 雇佣工人没有显示出健康结果的显著变化.
- 两个群体的食物供应量都增加了,对自雇者的影响更为明显. 对于这两组人来说,家庭转移都被挤出了.
结论:
- 基本收入 (非贡献性养老金) 对自雇老年退休人员的具体健康指标产生积极影响.
- 在不同就业背景下,该计划的好处并不均.
- 对社会保护和老年人福利的政策影响需要进一步研究.
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