在控制一般认知能力后,认知测试的遗传特异性
Francesca Procopio1, Engin Keser2, Jacob Knyspel2
1Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. francesca.procopio@kcl.ac.uk.
Behavior genetics
|February 18, 2025
概括
研究人员使用基因组结构方程建模 (Genomic SEM) 来分离认知能力的遗传基础,在考虑一般认知能力 (g) 之后,揭示了特定认知测试的独特遗传景观. 这使得在未来的遗传研究中可以获得更加专注的多基因分数.
科学领域:
- 行为遗传学 行为遗传学
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 心理测量 心理测量 心理测量
背景情况:
- 认知能力显示出显著的表型和遗传相关性,一般认知能力 (g) 在很大程度上是由共同的遗传因素驱动的.
- 理解特定认知测试的遗传结构是具有挑战性的,因为g相关遗传变异的普遍影响.
研究的目的:
- 将特定认知测试的遗传基础与与一般认知能力 (g) 相关的共同遗传变异脱而出.
- 为12个不同的认知测试提供g校正的遗传总结统计数据,使研究能够研究每个测试的独特遗传景观.
主要方法:
- 基因组结构方程建模 (Genomic SEM) 用于分析口头和非口头认知测试的大型全基因组关联研究 (GWAS) 的总结统计数据.
- 归因于一般认知能力 (g) 的共同遗传变异被系统地从12个认知测试中的遗传相关性中删除.
主要成果:
- 在对g进行校正后,SNP对认知测试的遗传性仍然很大,这表明独立于一般认知能力的强烈遗传成分.
- 对基因组的控制大大改变了基因相关性矩阵,将正相关性转化为负相关性,突出了独特的遗传影响.
- 具体的例子包括在记忆和文字测试 (-0.72),流体和符号测试 (-0.72) 和塔和拼写测试 (-0.79) 之间存在强烈的负遗传相关性.
结论:
- 当将一般认知能力 (g) 的影响考虑在内时,认知测试的遗传景观会显著重塑.
- 由此产生的g校正总结统计为旨在开发针对个体认知测试特异性的多基因分数的研究人员提供了宝贵的资源.
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