相关实验视频

Updated: May 27, 2025

Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale

Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale

Published on: May 17, 2014

通过mTOR的选择性位点激活,GPCR依赖的转化体的广泛位置偏差

Matthew J Klauer¹, Katherine L Hall¹, Caitlin A D Jagla¹

¹Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|February 18, 2025

概括

G蛋白结合受体 (GPCRs) 控制基因表达的翻译,而不仅仅是转录. 内体GPCRs激活mTOR,调节特定基因的蛋白质合成.

科学领域:

分子生物学分子生物学
细胞信号传输细胞信号传输
基因组学就是基因组学.

背景情况:

G蛋白结合受体 (GPCRs) 是细胞功能的关键调节者,主要用于转录控制.
转录后基因调节,特别是在转化层面,对于GPCRs来说,仍然在很大程度上未被探索.
了解转化控制为细胞对外部信号的反应提供了新的见解.

研究的目的:

调查转化调节在GPCR信号传递中的作用.
为了确定由GPCRs转化调节的特定基因标.
阐明GPCR介导的转化控制背后的机制.

主要方法:

利用核糖体分析 (Ribo-seq) 来识别翻译调节的基因.
采用多学科的方法进行综合分析.
研究了对哺乳动物目标拉巴胺素 (mTOR) 途径的参与.

主要成果:

确定了近120个基因标,这些标在翻译水平上完全由上腺素受体活性调节.
证明内体贝塔2-上腺素受体 (β2-ARs) 选择性地诱导这些转化变化.
表明这种调节是由mTOR通路激活的介导,特别是对于含有5'终端寡聚胺 (TOP) 基因的mRNAs.

结论:

GPCR信号,特别是来自内体β2-ARs的信号,启动了一个重要的翻译调节程序.
mTOR途径是这种GPCR诱导的翻译控制的关键调解器.
位置偏差的GPCR信号在微调细胞蛋白质组中起着至关重要的作用.

关键词:

在GPCR中,GPCR是指GPCR.这就是PKA PKA.在CAMP中,我们可以使用cAMP.基因翻译基因翻译基因翻译在mTOROR中使用mTOR.

更多相关视频

Quantitative Immunofluorescence to Measure Global Localized Translation

Quantitative Immunofluorescence to Measure Global Localized Translation

Published on: August 22, 2017

Measurement of Specific Mycobacterial Mistranslation Rates with Gain-of-function Reporter Systems

Measurement of Specific Mycobacterial Mistranslation Rates with Gain-of-function Reporter Systems

Published on: April 26, 2019

相关概念视频

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast, mTORC2 consists of a...

Leaky Scanning

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA. Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...

Initiation of Translation

Initiation of Translation

Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...

Improving Translational Accuracy

Improving Translational Accuracy

Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...