儿童下肢异常 在儿童下肢异常
Drew C Baird1, Caleb G Dickison1, Hayley I Spires2
1Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center, Fort Cavazos, Texas.
American family physician
|February 18, 2025
概括
大多数儿童的下肢变异,如脚和脚的变化是正常的,并自然消失. 放心和观察是关键,只有在疼痛或重大功能问题时才会转诊专家.
科学领域:
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
- 整形外科 整形外科 整形外科
- 发展生物学 发展生物学
背景情况:
- 下肢的旋转和角变异在儿童中很常见.
- 父母对外表的关注推动了许多初级保健访问.
- 变异包括入脚,外脚和角形变形.
研究的目的:
- 为了指导初级保健提供者评估常见的儿科下肢变异.
- 为了区分正常变异和真正的形.
- 为了告知管理策略和家长的放心.
主要方法:
- 综合患者病史,包括发病,进展和相关病史.
- 专注的体检与特定的测量 (例如,脚的进展角度,部旋转).
- 评估与年龄相关的正常范围和功能影响.
主要成果:
- 大多数变异都是良性的,在没有干预的情况下自发消失.
- 病史和专注的检查对于诊断至关重要.
- 骨架和支架有很少的支持证据.
结论:
- 许多儿童常见的下肢变异是正常发育变异.
- 放心和保守的管理是适当的无症状儿童在正常范围内.
- 对于显著的偏差,疼痛或功能障碍,建议转诊儿科骨科.
相关概念视频
01:29Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings I: Inspection and Palpation
240
In a cardiovascular examination, inspection and palpation are crucial for identifying abnormalities.
Abnormal findings observed during an inspection
Abnormal findings observed during an inspection
240
01:27Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation
174
Palpation involves feeling the body to evaluate texture, size, consistency, and tenderness for assessing cardiovascular health. The following steps are organized in a head-to-toe order:
Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above...
Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above...
174
01:16Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella
2.1K
The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
2.1K
01:10Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula
2.6K
The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
2.6K
01:29Bone Disorders
3.4K
Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
3.4K