在内罗毕县社区持续高的结核病患病率,2015-2022年
Jane R Ong'ang'o1, Jennifer Ross2, Richard Kiplimo3
1Centre for Respiratory Diseases Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
PLOS global public health
|February 18, 2025
概括
奈洛比县的结核病 (TB) 患病率在2015年至2022年期间仍然很高,没有观察到显著下降. 45-54岁的男性和个人患病率最高,许多患有结核病症状的人没有寻求医疗保健.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 传染病研究 传染病研究
背景情况:
- 基于人口的调查对于监测结核病 (TB) 患病率的变化至关重要.
- 之前在内罗毕县进行的调查为评估当前的结核病趋势提供了基线.
- 了解结核病发病率的变化对于有针对性的公共卫生干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定目前在内罗毕县9个社区的肺结核流行率.
- 为了将2022年结核病患病率估计与2015年数据进行比较.
- 评估不同风险群体中结核病发病率的变化.
主要方法:
- 在2022年进行了一项横截面调查,从2015年的研究中重新评估了社区.
- 使用涂抹显微镜,Xpert Ultra和液体培养方法分析了唾液样本.
- 结核病的流行是由Mycobacterium结核病检测定义的;统计模型解释了缺少的数据和权重.
主要成果:
- 2022年结核病的加权流行率为806/100,000,与2015年相比没有显著下降.
- 结核病发病率在男性 (1301/100,000) 和45-54岁年龄组中仍然很高.
- 很大一部分 (76%) 患有流行性结核病和咳症状的人没有寻求医疗保健.
结论:
- 奈洛比县的结核病发病率持续高,与其他连续调查中出现的下降形成鲜明对比.
- 特定的人口群体,特别是男性和中年人群,仍然面临更高的风险.
- 症状患者获得医疗保健的障碍需要紧急关注,以控制结核病的传播.
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