患有神经发育障碍的儿童和青少年的身体活动和执行功能:系统性审查和元分析
Chang Liu1, Ran Liu2, Ruiyuan Tao3
1Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 852, China.
Preventive medicine
|February 18, 2025
概括
身体活动干预措施显著改善神经发育障碍儿童和青少年的执行功能. 精心设计活动类型,持续时间和频率是最佳结果的关键.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 运动医学 运动医学
背景情况:
- 执行功能是关键的认知过程,在神经发育障碍中经常受到损害.
- 身体活动越来越多地被认为具有积极影响认知健康的潜力.
- 了解这种人群体育活动干预措施的有效性至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地评估体育活动干预措施对神经发育障碍儿童和青少年执行功能的影响.
- 确定影响这些干预措施有效性的调节者和相互作用.
- 为设计体育活动计划提供基于证据的建议.
主要方法:
- 在六个主要数据库中进行了全面的文献搜索,截至2024年1月.
- 包括的研究是随机对照试验或准实验设计,重点关注身体活动和执行功能的结果.
- 进行随机多层次元分析和调节者分析来综合发现.
主要成果:
- 身体活动干预措施在整体执行功能 (赫奇斯的g = 0.60) 和关键子领域 (认知灵活性 (g = 0.60),抑制控制 (g = 0.55),工作记忆 (g = 0.40) 和更高级别功能 (g = 0.83) 中显示出显著的益处.
- 确定了会议持续时间,干预时间和总干预时间等调节者.
- 在会话持续时间,活动类型,总持续时间,频率和特定的执行功能子域之间观察到显著的相互作用.
结论:
- 身体活动干预提供了一种有希望的方法来增强各种神经发育障碍的儿童和青少年的执行功能.
- 定制体育活动干预措施,特别是关于类型,会话持续时间和频率,对于最大限度地提高不同执行功能领域的效益至关重要.
- 这些发现支持使用体育活动作为一种替代或辅助策略,以提高这一群体的认知能力.
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