开放技能练习对儿童和青少年执行功能的影响:系统性审查和元分析
Shunding Hu1, Peng Shi2, Ziyun Zhang3
1School of Physical Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China.
Frontiers in human neuroscience
|February 19, 2025
概括
开放式技能运动显著提高了儿童和青少年的执行功能. 战略技能干预显示出更大的益处,运动强度,频率和持续时间起着关键的调节作用.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
背景情况:
- 儿童和青少年的执行功能对于发展至关重要.
- 关于开放技能练习干预措施的现有研究显示出不一致性,特别是在战略与拦截技能方面.
- 需要进行定量综合来澄清这些影响,并确定缓解因素.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和综合开放技能炼干预措施对儿童和青少年执行功能的定量影响.
- 调查战略和拦截性开放技能演习的差异性影响.
- 检查潜在的缓和因素,包括运动特征和人口统计数据.
主要方法:
- 进行全面的数据库搜索 (CNKI,WOS,PubMed,ScienceDirect,SPORTDiscus).这些数据库中可以找到所有相关的信息.
- 包括随机对照试验 (RCT) 和准实验设计 (QED).
- 使用Cochrane协作网络和MINORS尺度进行偏差风险评估;使用Stata 16.0.0进行统计分析.
主要成果:
- 包括16篇文章 (17项研究) 与1,298名参与者 (5-16岁) 进行了研究.
- 开放技能炼显著改善了抑制控制,工作记忆和认知灵活性.
- 战略技能练习显示出优越的效果,特别是在抑制控制上.
- 中度至高强度,更高的频率,持续时间为6-10周,30分钟的会议 (工作记忆) 和75-120分钟的会议 (认知灵活性) 最有效.
- 在特定的年龄组和种族中观察到积极的影响,表明了缓和作用.
结论:
- 开放技能练习干预措施对儿童和青少年的执行功能产生积极影响.
- 基于技能的战略练习比拦截练习更有效.
- 运动参数 (强度,频率,持续时间) 和人口因素 (年龄,种族) 显著适度干预结果.
- 建议强调选择战略开放技能练习和优化定量因素,以加强执行职能发展.
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