在对手的认知-动机风格中固有的皮层-状动作控制
Cassandra Avila1, Martin Sarter1,2
1Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States.
eLife
|February 19, 2025
概括
研究人员根据老鼠的注意力风格,在老鼠身上发现了不同的皮层-状控制机制. 目标追踪器显示出更严格的控制,而标志追踪器显示出更灵活的,在背中条体中由暗示驱动的谷氨酸释放.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 行为神经科学 行为神经科学
- 系统神经科学 系统神经科学
背景情况:
- 运动控制依赖于注意学习的线索来选择或抑制动作.
- 皮层-状突起对于大脑的注意力-运动界面至关重要.
- 认知-动机偏差的个体差异,比如目标跟踪与信号跟踪,影响行为.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究在小鼠的 cued 作用期间,在背中条体 (dorsomedial striatum,DMS) 中的谷氨酸动态.
- 为了确定前临床DMS预测对表达行为和谷氨酸释放的必要性.
- 为了比较目标追踪器 (GTs) 和标志追踪器 (STs) 之间的皮层-状管控制.
主要方法:
- 使用谷氨酸感应微电极阵列来测量大鼠DMS中的谷氨酸过渡物.
- 采用化学遗传抑制的前临床-DMS投射.
- 基于它们的注意力策略,以GT或ST的行为特征为特征的老鼠.
主要成果:
- GT开始转的速度较慢,但执行的转比ST多.
- 在转时,Cue引起的谷氨酸度在GT中高于ST.
- 在GT和ST中,抑制前临床DMS投影对转率和谷氨酸释放有不同的影响,这表明有不同的调节机制.
结论:
- 在GT中,转引发的谷氨酸释放受到皮层-状腺活动的严格调节.
- 在ST中,DMS中的谷氨酸释放可能涉及其他条状电路,可能与动作抑制和奖励跟踪有关.
- 皮层-状控制中的表型差异突出显示了个体对神经和精神疾病的脆弱性.
相关概念视频
00:56Attribution Theory
12.9K
Behavior is a product of both the situation (e.g., cultural influences, social roles, and the presence of bystanders) and of the person (e.g., personality characteristics). Subfields of psychology tend to focus on one influence or behavior over others. Situationism is the view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings. In contrast, dispositionism holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors (Heider, 1958).
12.9K
02:45Self-Discrepancy Theory
18.3K
One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.
18.3K
01:30Social Cognitive Perspective on Personality
470
Social cognitive perspectives on personality emphasize the importance of conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals in shaping behavior. These perspectives incorporate behaviorist principles, such as learning through reinforcement and conditioning, but extend beyond them by highlighting human reasoning and planning. Unlike traditional behaviorist views, social cognitive theory focuses on how individuals reflect on their past experiences and plan for future outcomes by considering...
470
01:27Drive-Reduction Theory: Push Theory of Motivation
237
Clark Hull's drive-reduction theory, introduced in the 1940s and 1950s and often termed the "push theory" of motivation, provides a framework for understanding how biological and learned drives influence behavior. Hull suggested that motivation originates from the need to alleviate physiological tension caused by unmet biological necessities. The theory proposes that when a basic need, such as hunger or sleep, goes unfulfilled, it creates an internal imbalance. This imbalance, or...
237
02:05Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping
38.7K
People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
38.7K
01:17Cognitivism
1.3K
Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process...
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process...
1.3K