美国州级医院质量:2013年至2021年的变化和趋势分析
概括
这项研究开发了一种医院质量指数,以揭示美国医疗保健质量的重大州级差异. 虽然整体医院质量有所改善,但患者体验下降,突出了针对性干预的领域.
科学领域:
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
- 改善医疗保健质量 改善医疗保健质量
- 卫生政策分析 卫生政策分析
背景情况:
- 美国各州医院质量存在显著差异.
- 监测和分析这些变化对于医疗保健政策和患者的结果至关重要.
- 现有的指标可能无法充分捕捉医院质量的多方面的性质.
研究的目的:
- 开发和应用综合医院质量指数,以评估美国医院质量的州级变化.
- 分析从2013年到2021年的医院质量趋势.
- 在医院质量方面确定高绩效和低绩效的州.
主要方法:
- 使用医疗保险和医疗补助服务中心 (CMS) 医院比较数据开发了一个医院质量指数,用于大约3000家美国医院.
- 该指数整合了三种风险调整措施:30天再入院率,30天死亡率和患者经验得分.
- 测量结果被转换为z-score,并按医院病床数量加权,然后平均为创建标准化指数 (平均值=0,SD=1).
主要成果:
- 2021年,美国医院的平均质量指标是再入院15.1%,死亡率11.2%,患者体验69.7%.
- 在医院质量方面,观察到国家一级的显著异质性,该指数从-0.54到0.57不等.
- 8个州,以犹他州为首,表现优于美国平均水平,而14个州表现不佳. 每年重新入院和死亡率都有所改善,但患者体验下降.
结论:
- 在研究期间,美国的医院质量有所改善,特别是在减少再入院和死亡率方面.
- 在州一级,医院质量存在实质差异,这表明医疗保健提供不均.
- 开发的医院质量指数是了解,监测和解决各州医院护理质量差异的宝贵工具.
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