绘制印度妇女工作的地图:小面积估计的应用
Swati Srivastava1, Kaushalendra Kumar2,3, Lotus McDougal4
1GENDER Project, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
PloS one
|February 19, 2025
概括
印度妇女的劳动参与率在各地区有显著的差异,其中中部,东部和北部地区的比例较低. 这些发现凸显了针对性政策的必要性,以促进印度各地妇女的有薪工作机会.
科学领域:
- 社会经济学 社会经济学
- 人口统计学 人口统计学
- 性别研究是性别研究.
背景情况:
- 了解妇女劳动参与的区级差异对于解决女性劳动力参与的长期停滞至关重要.
- 目前在各州的数据局限性阻碍了识别妇女就业的具体趋势和模式.
- 分析女性工作的空间聚类可以提供有关区域差异的有价值的见解.
研究的目的:
- 通过使用链接的调查和人口普查数据,生成可靠的印度妇女工作的地区级估计.
- 检查640个地区的妇女工作的空间分布和集群.
- 通过三个关键指标分析妇女工作中的变化:总体工作参与,自雇和现金收入.
主要方法:
- 将2019-21年印度国家家庭健康调查 (NFHS) 和2011年印度人口和住房普查的数据联系起来.
- 为区级妇女工作指标生成基于模型的估计.
- 采用空间分析技术来检查女性工作模式的聚类.
主要成果:
- 基于模型的估计证实了印度妇女工作的强大可靠的地区级数据.
- 妇女的劳动参与率和现金收入在中部,东部和北部地区最低,与南部地区的更高率形成鲜明对比.
- 妇女的自雇率在全国范围内普遍较低,在希马查尔邦和东北部地区有显著的例外.
结论:
- 在印度640个地区的女性工作中存在显著的空间异质性.
- 区级估计显示,女性工作,自雇和现金收入存在很大差异,这表明仅仅州级数据是不够的.
- 调查结果支持制定有针对性的政策,以增强妇女的有偿工作机会,并解决劳动力参与的区域差异.
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