全球疾病负担的差异归因于环境颗粒物污染和固体燃料造成的家庭空气污染
1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety
|February 19, 2025
概括
环境颗粒物污染 (APM) 正在增加全球疾病负担,而家庭空气污染 (HAP) 正在减少. 迫切需要采取行动,以应对这些独特的空气污染挑战及其对健康的影响.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 全球健康 全球健康
背景情况:
- 环境颗粒物 (APM) 和家庭空气污染 (HAP) 造成的空气污染对全球健康构成重大威胁,每年导致数百万死亡.
- 了解APM和HAP的不同和联合疾病负担对于有针对性的公共卫生干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 从1990年到2021年,全面评估204个国家的APM和HAP综合疾病负担.
- 检查APM和HAP相关疾病负担的趋势及其与社会人口指数 (SDI) 的关联.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自2021年全球疾病负担和世界银行数据库的数据.
- 提取的残疾调整寿命年 (DALYs) 和年龄标准化的DALY率 (ASDR) 对于所有原因和特定疾病.
- 雇佣人估计的年度百分比变化和准Poisson概括的线性模型来分析趋势和共变量.
主要成果:
- 与APM相关的DALY增加了54.93%,而与HAP相关的DALY减少了47.39%.
- 在SDI较低的地区,APM负担正在上升,而在SDI较高的地区,HAP负担正在下降.
- 在高,高中和中等SDI地区,APM在疾病负担方面超过了HAP;在低中和低SDI地区,HAP仍然占主导地位.
结论:
- 空气污染对健康造成的负担存在显著差异,APM在低收入环境中构成越来越大的威胁,HAP在某些地区是持续存在的问题.
- 有针对性的战略是必不可少的:在高SDI地区减少工业排放,在低SDI地区改善家庭能源获取.
- 解决APM和HAP对于减轻全球疾病负担和实现健康公平至关重要.
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