人口和实验室研究中对寒冷适应的最新更新,包括与非热因素的交叉适应
Hitoshi Wakabayashi1, Hiroyuki Sakaue2, Takayuki Nishimura3
1Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13 W8 Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan.
Journal of physiological anthropology
|February 19, 2025
概括
人类的寒冷适应包括棕色脂肪组织 (BAT) 和,BAT活动影响非热生成 (NST). 重复暴露于寒冷可能不会改善抗寒伤害能力,但可以使寒冷冲击反应成为习惯.
科学领域:
- 生理学 生理学 生理学
- 人类的适应能力
- 热调节 热调节 热调节 热调节
背景情况:
- 了解人类的寒冷适应性对于预防寒冷伤害和优化寒冷环境中的性能至关重要.
- 最近的发现,特别是人类棕色脂肪组织 (BAT) 的作用,已经大大提高了我们对寒冷代谢反应的了解.
研究的目的:
- 提供对人类寒冷适应的最新审查,涵盖温度调节反应,适应机制和影响因素.
- 综合最近关于棕色脂肪组织 (BAT) 活动,冷诱导血管扩张 (CIVD) 和冷冲击反应的发现.
主要方法:
- 对人类温度调节和寒冷适应现有文献的综述.
- 对棕色脂肪组织 (BAT),非的热生成 (NST),血管收缩,血管扩张和冷震反应的最新研究的综合.
- 探索包括运动和缺氧在内的交叉适应对寒冷耐受性的影响.
主要成果:
- 低BAT活动的个体更依赖于发热的发.
- 感冒引起的血管收缩和血管扩张 (CIVD) 的机制复杂,涉及多个生理途径.
- 习惯于寒冷冲击反应可能会减少溺水事件,但反复暴露在寒冷中并不一定会改善对寒冷伤害的抵抗力.
- 运动和低氧环境可以影响寒冷的适应,尽管关系是复杂的和上下文依赖.
结论:
- 人类对寒冷的适应是多方面的,包括代谢,绝缘和的调整.
- 棕色脂肪组织 (BAT) 在代谢适应中起着关键作用,增强非热生成 (NST).
- 虽然习惯于寒冷冲击是有益的,但不建议依赖于反复的寒冷暴露来适应寒冷伤害.
相关概念视频
Responses to Heat and Cold Stress
13.3K
Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
13.3K
Natural Selection and Adaptation
158
Natural selection, a fundamental concept in evolutionary biology, is the mechanism by which evolution is driven, favoring organisms that are best adapted to their environments. This process enhances their chances of survival and reproduction. Adaptation, a key outcome of this process, involves genetic modifications that optimize an organism's functionality under specific environmental challenges, such as extreme cold or thinner air at high altitudes.
Beyond physical adaptations,...
Beyond physical adaptations,...
158
What is Natural Selection?
114.3K
Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
114.3K
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype
6.4K
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
6.4K
Factors Affecting Body Temperature
3.7K
As a nurse, it is vital to understand the factors affecting body temperature to monitor variations and effectively evaluate deviations from regular.
Factors may include:
Factors may include:
3.7K
Requirements for Human Life
7.6K
The Earth and its atmosphere have provided humans with air, water, and food, but these are not the only requirements for survival. Humans also require a specific range of temperature and pressure that the Earth and its atmosphere provides.
Oxygen
Atmospheric air is only about 20 percent oxygen, but that oxygen is a key component of the chemical reactions that keep the body alive, including the reactions that produce ATP. Brain cells are susceptible to a lack of oxygen because they require a...
Oxygen
Atmospheric air is only about 20 percent oxygen, but that oxygen is a key component of the chemical reactions that keep the body alive, including the reactions that produce ATP. Brain cells are susceptible to a lack of oxygen because they require a...
7.6K


