在ABCD研究中的家庭高风险儿童的认知子组中,精神病相关的症状和结构性大脑模式
medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences
|February 20, 2025
概括
患有精神病家族高风险 (FHR) 且认知表现不佳的儿童表现出稳定的精神病风险标志物. 这确定了早期干预和改进的预测模型的脆弱子组.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
背景情况:
- 患有精神病家族史 (FHR) 的儿童患精神疾病的风险增加.
- 确定FHR年轻人中的特定风险小组对于有针对性的干预至关重要.
- 青少年大脑认知发展 (ABCD) 研究为研究这些子组提供了纵向数据.
研究的目的:
- 在FHR儿童中研究神经认知子组中与精神病相关的症状和结构性大脑模式.
- 使用基线和纵向数据,在FHR年轻人中识别不同的风险概况.
- 加强对脆弱儿童精神病风险的预测模型.
主要方法:
- 定义的神经认知子组 (低,中等,高认知性能) 使用NIH工具箱认知电池得分.
- 通过Prodromal问卷-简要儿童版本 (PQ-BC) 和童年行为检查表 (CBCL) 评估精神症状.
- 使用区域脆弱性指数 (SSD-RVIs) 从皮质厚度测量计算的结构性大脑模式.
主要成果:
- 与高认知能力 (FHR-HC) 相比,低认知能力 (FHR-LC) 的儿童表现出更高的基线PQ-BC和CBCL得分,以及趋势水平更高的SSD-RVI.
- 精神症状随着年龄的增长而减少,而所有FHR参与者的大脑结构模式保持稳定.
- 风险标志物的认知亚组差异在纵向上持续存在,没有年龄相互作用.
结论:
- 同时认知表现差的FHR儿童表现出高且稳定的精神病风险标志物.
- 这些发现表明,一个独特的,易受伤害的风险小组容易受到早期识别.
- 这项研究支持开发针对性干预措施,以预防处于危险的年轻人的精神病.
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