在医疗保健数据库研究中,用于可扩展特征工程和超高维混调整的自然语言处理
Richard Wyss1, Jie Yang1, Sebastian Schneeweiss1
1Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences
|February 20, 2025
概括
从电子健康记录 (EHR) 中补充自然语言处理 (NLP) 产生的特征来补充医疗保健索赔数据,可以改善观察性研究中混控制的共变量平衡.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 数据科学数据科学数据科学
背景情况:
- 医疗保健数据库研究经常与混,特别是未测量的因素扎.
- 目前用于高维代理调整的方法不使用自由文本电子健康记录 (EHR) 注释.
- 自然语言处理 (NLP) 可以从非结构化的EHR文本中提取结构化的特征.
研究的目的:
- 为了评估添加NLP生成的特征对索赔数据的高维代理调整的影响.
- 评估医疗保健数据库研究中混控制方面的改进.
主要方法:
- 将Medicare索赔与EHR数据联系起来,以创建用于药物比较的队列.
- 采用NLP技术,从自由文本EHR笔记中生成结构化的特征.
- 使用LASSO回归用于倾向得分 (PS) 模型,适合不同的共变量集 (仅索赔与索赔+NLP-EHR特征).
主要成果:
- 包括索赔代码和NLP生成的EHR特征,增强了共变量平衡 (标准化差异<0.1).
- 对NLP特征的调整使三项研究中的两项研究的效果估计朝着预期的方向移动,显示了细微的影响.
- 随着NLP衍生特征的添加,整体共变量平衡得到了改善.
结论:
- 用NLP生成的特征补充行政索赔可以改善超高维的代理混调整.
- 这种方法在捕获观察性研究的关键混信息方面提供了适度的好处.
- 通过NLP集成来加强混控制,可以完善医疗保健数据库分析.
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