人类中间体的进化和不稳定性是由异色素蛋白边界损失和CENP-A过度表达加速的
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|February 20, 2025
概括
人类的中间体表现出表观遗传的可塑性,CENP-A的定位在细胞内变化. 这种表观遗传进化影响了中粒体的稳定性,突出了染色质边界的作用.
科学领域:
- 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- 中介质的身份是由CENP-A,一个中介质特异性基因素在表观遗传上决定的.
- 保持CENP-A在快速演变的中心体DNA中的特定位置的机制尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 调查人类中间体和新中心体的表观遗传可塑性和稳定性.
- 了解CENP-A的定位是如何保持和随着时间的推移而发展的.
- 探索DNA甲基化和H3K9me3在中粒体表观遗传调节中的作用.
主要方法:
- 使用了人类细胞系的单细胞衍生克隆.
- 对CENP-A定位,DNA甲基化和H3K9me3模式的分析.
- 长期扩散研究和CENP-A和HJURP的过度表达.
主要成果:
- 在CENP-A位置的单细胞异质性观察到新中心体和本地中心体.
- CENP-A异质性与明显的DNA甲基化和H3K9me3模式相关,DNA甲基化具有动态转移.
- 新中心体表现出不稳定性,包括DNA甲基化变化,H3K9me3增益,边界损失和长时间增殖的脆弱性.
- 过度表达CENP-A和HJURP导致了中间体扩张,CENP-A耗尽,不稳定和异色染色体重塑.
结论:
- 人类的中间体和新中心体具有固有的表观遗传可塑性.
- 压制性染色质边界对于保持中心分子稳定性至关重要.
- 表观遗传漂移和重塑有助于随着时间的推移对中心基DNA的进化.
相关概念视频
Histone Variants at the Centromere
4.3K
Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
4.3K
Centrosome Duplication
3.9K
The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
3.9K
Chromosome Structure
22.5K
A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
22.5K
Nondisjunction
74.4K
During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
74.4K
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures
6.2K
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
6.2K
Heterochromatin
9.8K
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
9.8K


