通过临床监测捕获动态菌体-病原体共同进化
Yamini Mathur1, Caroline M Boyd1, Jeannette E Farnham1
1Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|February 20, 2025
概括
细菌和病毒从事不断的进化战斗. 一种名为PLE11的移动遗传元件 (MGE) 出现,保护*Vibrio cholerae*免受菌体的掠食,并在重大霍乱爆发期间推动病原体的进化.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- 细菌拥有对菌体掠食的防御系统,通常编码在移动遗传元素 (MGE) 上.
- 菌体和细菌参与了一场动态的进化军备竞赛,特别适用于人类疾病.
- 在*Vibrio cholerae*中,菌体ICP1的较高负担与腹疾病严重程度的降低相关,但缺乏菌体驱动选择的直接证据.
研究的目的:
- 在霍乱爆发期间,研究菌体驱动的选择在*Vibrio cholerae*中的分子基础.
- 为了确定V. cholerae和它的菌体之间的抗菌体机制和进化动态,ICP1.1.
主要方法:
- 在霍乱流行的孟加拉国进行临床监测,以追踪MGE的获取.
- 实验进化来研究菌体的反适应.
- 菌体防御相互作用的分子表征和菌体组件的MGE介导操纵.
主要成果:
- 观察到一种寄生虫抗菌体MGE,PLE11的获取,与重大霍乱疫情和对V. cholerae*的选择性扫除相吻合.
- 通过Rta蛋白质,PLE11通过Rta蛋白质对ICP1提供了强大的抗菌活性,该蛋白质限制了菌体尾部组装.
- 实验进化揭示了菌体的反适应和ICP1变种的出现,这些变种能够克服PLE11防御,包括形成仿真菌体-MGE尾巴.
结论:
- 在重大霍乱流行期间,PLE11介导的菌体耐药性推动了*Vibrio cholerae*的自然选择.
- PLEs可以劫持菌体结构蛋白以进行水平传播,并操纵菌体尾部组合,揭示了共进化的新机制.
- 这项研究阐明了在临床上相关的环境中,病原体-病毒共同进化的分子基础.
相关概念视频
01:30Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages
70.1K
Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
70.1K
00:43Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages
61.7K
In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
61.7K
00:36Viral Mutations
32.1K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
32.1K
00:57Viral Recombination
23.2K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
23.2K
01:10Retrovirus Life Cycles
45.6K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
45.6K
01:20Infection
7.0K
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
7.0K