寒冷和炎热的HIIT对训练有素骑自行车者的温度表现和生理反应的影响
Jason R Boynton1, Jeremiah J Peiffer2, Chris R Abbiss1
1School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; and.
Journal of strength and conditioning research
|February 20, 2025
概括
在凉爽或炎热的条件下高强度间歇训练同样提高了骑自行车的表现. 然而,在较低的温度下训练导致在90%V·o2max以上的时间更长,并在随后的温和时间试验中产生明显的生理反应.
科学领域:
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 环境生理学环境生理学
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
背景情况:
- 高强度间歇训练 (HIIT) 有效提高心肺健康和性能.
- 环境温度可以影响生理反应和适应运动.
- 了解不同温度训练的影响对于优化运动表现至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究在冷 (13°C) 和热 (35°C) 的环境中进行为期4周的HIIT干预对训练有素的骑自行车者的随后温和 (22°C) 时间试验 (TT) 性能的影响.
- 为了比较在冷和热条件下进行的HIIT训练期间心肺和生理反应.
- 为了检查在温带TTs期间的生理反应的差异,在HIIT之后在凉爽的环境和炎热的环境中进行HIIT.
主要方法:
- 20名训练有素的骑自行车者在4周内完成了8次HIIT训练,分为两组:一个训练在13°C (HIIT13) 和另一个训练在35°C (HIIT35).
- 心脏呼吸系统数据,包括心率 (HR) 和90%以上的V·o2max (T>90%V·o2max) 的时间,在间隔会议期间进行评估.
- 在干预前 (TT1) 和干预后 (TT2) 在温和条件下 (22°C) 进行了两次20公里的TTT,测量了输出功率,HR和温度调节参数.
主要成果:
- 在HIIT13 (875±295秒) 中,超过90%V·o2max的时间与HIIT35 (420±395秒) 相比,在HIIT13 (875±295秒) 中显著增加.
- 两组都显示了从TT1到TT2的TT期间平均输出功率的显著改善 (HIIT13:3.3±3.4%;HIIT35:7.3±6.3%),两组之间没有显著差异.
- 在TT2期间,在HIIT13中观察到HR和核心温度的内部增加,但在HIIT35中没有,这表明不同的生理适应.
结论:
- 虽然HIIT在较低的温度下导致了更高的训练强度 (T>90%V·o2max) 和在TT期间明显的生理反应,但与HIIT在炎热的条件下相比,它并没有导致温带20公里TT表现的优异改进.
- 冷和热的HIIT干预都有效地提高了在温带条件下骑自行车TT的表现.
- 研究结果表明,尽管训练刺激和生理反应不同,但训练有素的骑自行车者可以通过HIIT在凉爽和炎热的环境中实现类似的性能适应.
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