重复的Omicron感染克服T细胞免疫印记到原来的SARS-CoV-2
Yunfei Li1, Junyao Lu2, Liheng He1
1Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Journal of medical virology
|February 20, 2025
概括
原始的SARS-CoV-2疫苗接种可以导致T细胞免疫印记对抗Omicron变种. 然而,重新感染Omicron亚型可以恢复T细胞免疫力,这表明需要针对SARS-CoV-2等高度突变的病原体的多价值疫苗.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 之前用原始菌株接种的SARS-CoV-2疫苗显示,对Omicron变种的中和活性降低.
- 这种现象表明免疫印记在幽默免疫中,影响疫苗对新兴变种的有效性.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究COVID-19感染Omicron亚型的患者的T细胞免疫活性,比较接种疫苗和未接种疫苗的人.
- 了解原始SARS-CoV-2疫苗接种对T细胞对Omicron亚型的反应的影响.
主要方法:
- 设计的尖蛋白池来自四种Omicron亚型和野生类型 (WT) SARS-CoV-2.
- 在经过或没有先前接种疫苗的Omicron感染患者中评估IFN-γ产生T细胞.
主要成果:
- 与WT相比,感染Omicron BA.5/BA.7的接种疫苗的患者显示,与Omicron池相比,IFN-γ的产生显著降低.
- 未接种疫苗的Omicron感染患者对WT和Omicron池的T细胞反应具有可比性.
- 用Omicron亚型重感染恢复了接种疫苗的个体的病毒特异性T细胞免疫力.
结论:
- 原始的SARS-CoV-2疫苗诱导T细胞免疫印记对抗Omicron亚型,类似于幽默免疫.
- 用Omicron亚型重感染可以克服这种T细胞印记.
- 多价值免疫原对于开发针对B细胞和T细胞印记的疫苗至关重要,以对抗SARS-CoV-2和其他快速突变的病毒.
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