尖子的形态和功能:它的长短
Justin Keller1,2, Annalisa Berta3, Mark Juhn1
1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)
|February 21, 2025
概括
松脚动物表现出明显的子适应水生生物. 类动物有灵活的子,可用于游泳和陆地运动,而类动物有更的子,优化用于后肢推进.
科学领域:
- 脊椎动物古生物学 脊椎动物古生物学
- 功能性形态学 功能性形态学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
背景情况:
- 许多陆地脊椎动物已经进化了水生适应.
- 在水生过渡期间宫 (子) 区域的适应性被研究不足.
- 完全水生鱼表现出压缩的椎,以减少阻力.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究子宫形态和足动物 (海,海狮,海) 的功能.
- 为了比较子适应在足动物与他们的陆地亲属 (虫和类动物).
- 为了确定足动物的子宫进化是否与鱼的进化相似.
主要方法:
- 在三种类动物家族 (Otariidae,Phocidae,Odobenidae) 和陆地类动物中对部形态的比较分析.
- 用部CT扫描量化尾部表面积,以确定部肌肉的附着部位.
- 宫椎的大小和形状的线性测量.
主要成果:
- 松脚动物比熊猫和类动物拥有更大的尾表面积,这表明部肌肉加强了头部稳定.
- 鱼,后肢游泳者,有硬的子,有压缩的椎和减少的肌肉附着区域.
- 类动物是前肢游泳者,它们的子更灵活,子脊椎较长,肌肉部位较大,有助于水上和陆上运动.
结论:
- 尖的宫形态因运动方式而异,不同于鱼体中观察到的均的宫压缩.
- 鱼子的子适应性支持多功能运动,而鱼子则专门用于高效的游泳.
- 摩的宫形态是中间的,反映出混合的运动运动策略和专门的部肌肉功能.
更多相关视频
07:26Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology
Published on: August 22, 2022
1.3K
12:32Image Rendering Techniques in Postmortem Computed Tomography: Evaluation of Biological Health and Profile in Stranded Cetaceans
Published on: September 27, 2020
8.6K
相关概念视频
01:12The Hyoid Bone
1.7K
The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone located in the upper neck at the level of the inferior mandible, with its tips pointing posteriorly. It does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body. The hyoid acts as the attachment site for the tongue, the larynx, and the pharynx. It is held in position by a series of small muscles attached from above or below. These muscles help to move the hyoid up/down or forward/back in coordination with movements of the tongue, larynx, and pharynx...
1.7K
01:27Cranial Bones: Lateral View
2.0K
The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
2.0K
01:19Muscles that Move the Head
1.4K
The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
1.4K
01:22Spinal Nerves: Plexus I
699
Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
The Cervical Plexus
The cervical plexus, formed by the anterior rami of the first four...
The Cervical Plexus
The cervical plexus, formed by the anterior rami of the first four...
699
01:22Sutures of the Skull
6.1K
The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
6.1K
01:26Muscles of the Anterior Neck
1.3K
The anterior neck muscles are the group of muscles covering the front part of the neck. These muscles are classified into three subgroups. The first one is the superficial muscles, the most visible muscles in the front of the neck. It includes the platysma and sternocleidomastoid. The second group is the suprahyoid muscles, located above the hyoid bone. This group comprises the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and stylohyoid. Lastly, the infrahyoid muscles are found below the hyoid bone and...
1.3K