在人体尿液中识别六大麻二醇代谢物
Willi Schirmer1,2, Stefan Schürch2, Wolfgang Weinmann1
1Institute of Forensic Medicine, Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Drug testing and analysis
|February 21, 2025
概括
六大麻醇 (HHCP) 在人体中被广泛代谢. 建议采用新的查方法来检测尿液中的HHCP代谢物,因为标准测试无效.
科学领域:
- 药理学和毒理学 药理学和毒理学
- 法医化学 法医化学
背景情况:
- 六大麻醇 (HHCP) 是一种半合成大麻素,作为替代诸如六大麻 (HHC) 等禁用物质的替代品,它越来越突出.
- 监管机构越来越多地将HHCP归类为麻醉药物法,强调其检测的必要性.
- 现有的大麻素免疫试验显示没有与HHCP代谢物交叉反应,这对药物查构成了挑战.
研究的目的:
- 在口服消费后,在尿液中识别人类Hexahydrocannabiphorol (HHCP) 的I期和II期代谢物.
- 评估标准大麻素免疫试验在检测HHCP使用方面的有效性.
- 为法医查和分析提出目标代谢物.
主要方法:
- 口服4毫克的HHCP给一个D9THC戒断的志愿者.
- 使用酶性免疫试验,气体染色学质谱学 (GC-MS) 和液体染色学高分辨率并列质谱学 (LC-HR-MS/MS) 分析尿样.
- 使用GC-MS进行消耗的HHCP的预分析,以确认纯度和身份.
主要成果:
- 尽管消费了HHCP,但对大麻素的酶性免疫测试结果是负面的.
- 已识别的基化HHCP代谢物,包括单基化和双基化形式,在侧链和/或环上有基化.
- 检测到HHCP代谢物的相应的葡萄糖合物,表明二期代谢.
结论:
- 在人类中,HHCP经历了广泛的I阶段和II阶段代谢,产生各种氧化代谢产物及其葡萄化物.
- 由于缺乏交叉反应性,标准的 Δ9 - THC 免疫检测不足以检测 HHCP 使用.
- 建议将单氧化和双氧化HHCP代谢物及其葡萄糖化物作为法医尿液查的潜在标.
更多相关视频
11:25Multi-step Preparation Technique to Recover Multiple Metabolite Compound Classes for In-depth and Informative Metabolomic Analysis
Published on: July 11, 2014
32.8K
10:17High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry
Published on: April 23, 2019
9.5K
相关概念视频
01:26Enhanced Elimination of Poison
Poison can be effectively removed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through various decontamination procedures.
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
Renal excretion is the...
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
Renal excretion is the...
01:18Urine: Physical and Chemical Properties
Urine comprises approximately 95% water and 5% solutes. The primary ingredient, apart from water, is urea - a byproduct of the breakdown of amino acids. Other notable components include uric acid, a residue from nucleic acid metabolism, and creatinine, a metabolite from creatine phosphate breakdown in skeletal muscle tissue.
The concentration of these solutes varies, with urea being the most abundant nitrogenous waste product. Other solutes include sodium, chloride, potassium, phosphate,...
The concentration of these solutes varies, with urea being the most abundant nitrogenous waste product. Other solutes include sodium, chloride, potassium, phosphate,...
01:17Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions
Methylation is a phase II biotransformation process involving the attachment of a methyl group to a substrate. Enzymes known as methyltransferases orchestrate this reaction.
The mechanism of methylation unfolds in two stages. The first stage sees a methyltransferase enzyme facilitating the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the substrate, forming S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). The second stage involves further metabolism of SAH into homocysteine, which can be recycled...
The mechanism of methylation unfolds in two stages. The first stage sees a methyltransferase enzyme facilitating the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the substrate, forming S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). The second stage involves further metabolism of SAH into homocysteine, which can be recycled...
01:18Drug Elimination: Overview
Drug elimination involves many complex processes and does not necessarily differentiate between distribution and elimination. It is divided into two primary components: excretion and biotransformation.
Excretion refers to removing a drug from the body, either in its unchanged form or as its metabolites. Nonvolatile and polar drugs are primarily excreted through the kidneys, with other pathways including bile, sweat, saliva, and milk. Volatile drugs such as anesthetic gases are excreted via the...
Excretion refers to removing a drug from the body, either in its unchanged form or as its metabolites. Nonvolatile and polar drugs are primarily excreted through the kidneys, with other pathways including bile, sweat, saliva, and milk. Volatile drugs such as anesthetic gases are excreted via the...
01:10Drug Excretion: Miscellaneous Routes
Drug excretion involves various organs, including the liver, intestines, skin, and eyes. In the case of drugs or toxins, they can be actively secreted into bile by transporters in the hepatocyte's canalicular membrane. These substances enter the GI tract during digestion and may be reabsorbed into the body from the intestine. This process, known as enterohepatic recycling, can significantly prolong the presence and effects of a substance in the body. To interrupt this cycle, specific substances...
01:29Urine Studies I: Urinalysis
Urinalysis is a widely used diagnostic test that analyzes urine's physical, chemical, and microscopic characteristics. Healthcare providers use it to detect and monitor various health conditions, including renal disease, urinary tract infections (UTIs), diabetes, and metabolic or systemic disorders.Components of UrinalysisUrinalysis consists of three primary components: physical, chemical, and microscopic examination. Each provides unique insights into the urine sample and, by extension, the...