全球获取水和卫生设施的进展 (2000-2020年)
Hiroki Ando1,2, Masaaki Kitajima1,3, Taikan Oki4
1Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13 West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan.
Scientific reports
|February 21, 2025
概括
全球获得安全饮用水和卫生设施 (可持续发展目标6) 的情况并没有得到平等的改善. 从2000年至2020年,调整后的访问率下降,突出显示了尽管总体上升,但存在差异.
科学领域:
- 环境科学环境科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 可持续的发展 可持续的发展
背景情况:
- 公平获得安全饮用水和卫生设施是联合国可持续发展目标 (可持续发展目标6) 的一个关键目标.
- 实现可持续发展目标6的进展通常以获得率来衡量,但这些可能并不反映真正的公平.
- 社会经济,政治和水文因素显著影响到水和卫生设施的获取.
研究的目的:
- 评估2000年至2020年实现可持续发展目标6的全球进展情况.
- 评估根据社会经济,政治和水文条件调整的接入费用.
- 识别正在进行的差异,并为实现到2030年实现通用接入的战略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 对改善饮用水和环境卫生服务的全球获取率的分析.
- 使用社会经济,政治和水文数据调整接入费用.
- 2000年至2020年间调整和未调整的访问费率的比较.
- 评估不同国内生产总值水平的国家的进展趋势.
主要成果:
- 在2000年至2020年期间,安全饮用水和卫生设施的调整后获取率在全球范围内下降.
- 在同一时期,未经调整的访问费率显示增加.
- 与GDP较低的国家相比,在GDP较高的国家,获得改善的速度较慢.
- 低收入国家在2000年有所改善,但落后于具有相似社会条件的国家.
结论:
- 实现可持续发展目标6的进展并不总是与社会发展保持一致.
- 目前的方法可能会高估水和卫生设施获取的真正进展.
- 加强国家管理,国际合作和基础设施投资对于到2030年实现可持续发展目标6至关重要.
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