18个美国牛品种的生长和尸体特征的品种特异异化
Bailey N Engle1, Richard Mark Thallman1, Warren M Snelling1
1USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, USA.
Journal of animal science
|February 22, 2025
概括
在肉牛中,混合活力 (异质) 显著提高了生长和母性特征,特别是在涉及布拉汉品种的交叉品种中. 这些发现有助于育种者优化杂交策略,以提高性能和生产目标.
科学领域:
- 动物科学动物科学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 量化遗传学 量化遗传学
背景情况:
- 异种化,或混合活力,是与纯种父母相比,杂交后代的性能提升.
- 杂交品种中异构性增加驱动了非添加基因作用影响的特征的表型表达.
- 由于缺乏当代比较,对特定品种异质的估计具有挑战性.
研究的目的:
- 量化18个美国牛肉品种的生长和尸体特征的品种特异性异质.
- 通过美国肉类动物研究中心的生殖质评价计划的数据,实现纯种动物及其交叉品种之间的当代比较.
- 提供数据,以告知育种者的杂交决定.
主要方法:
- 使用两个模型估计的特定异构效应:生物组异构 (英国,大陆,布拉汉) 和平均品种异构 (对异构性回归).
- 分析了直接和母体出生体重,205天调整的断奶体重,断奶后的增加,大理石分数,眼面积,背部脂肪厚度和尸体体重.
- 包括所有品种对组合的随机品种特定交叉效应.
主要成果:
- 生物群异质对除了大理石化 (P < 0.0001) 之外的所有特征具有重要意义 (P < 0.0001).
- 包括Brahman品种在内的交叉显示出小牛表现的最大增加,特别是在生长和母性特征方面.
- 对于大多数特征 (P <0.05),平均品种特异异变异是显著的,布拉汉交叉产生了最大的改进.
结论:
- 品种特异异症显著影响美国肉牛的生长和尸体特征.
- 布拉曼品种的贡献对增长和孕产妇的表现特别有益.
- 结果支持根据特定的生产环境和目标做出明智的交叉育种决策.
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