全球水处理技术的能源消耗
Michele Magni1, Edward R Jones1, Marc F P Bierkens2
1Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Water research
|February 22, 2025
概括
全球水处理,包括海水淡化和废水管理,在2015年消耗了379-1,159 TWh的能源. 这凸显了水务服务的重大能源需求和关键的水能源联系.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 能源系统 能源系统
- 管理水资源 管理水资源
背景情况:
- 获得安全饮用水和卫生设施对于人类健康和可持续发展目标至关重要.
- 处理水的能源消耗量很大,但在全球范围内量化不足.
- 了解水能联系对于可持续发展至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 开发一个空间显式模型来量化水处理技术的全球能源消耗.
- 估计海水淡化,废水处理和传统饮用水处理所需的能源.
- 分析水务服务能源消耗的区域差异.
主要方法:
- 在5弧分分辨率上开发一个空间显式模型框架.
- 用于海水淡化,废水处理和传统饮用水处理的能源消耗量化.
- 2015年全球和区域能源足迹的估计.
主要成果:
- 2015年,全球水处理能源消耗量估计为3791,159 TWh (1.364.17 EJ),占全球电力使用量的1.85.4%.
- 淡化 (189331 TWh),废水处理 (85279 TWh) 和传统饮用水处理 (105549 TWh) 显示了显著的能源需求.
- 确定了能源消耗的区域热点:中东和北非 (海水淡化),西欧 (废水处理) 和南亚 (传统饮用水处理).
结论:
- 开发的模型提供了对关键水处理过程的能源消耗的空间显式量化.
- 调查结果强调了水务服务的显著能源足迹,并突出了区域差异.
- 该模型支持更好地了解未来能源需求预测和政策制定的水能联系.
相关概念视频
Conservation of Energy in Control Volume
474
Consider a turbine operating under steady-flow conditions. The control volume is drawn around the turbine, with fluid entering at one point and exiting at another. The turbine extracts energy from the fluid, which performs mechanical work (shaft work).
For steady flow systems, the time derivative of the stored energy becomes zero since there is no energy accumulation within the control volume. This simplifies the energy equation to:
For steady flow systems, the time derivative of the stored energy becomes zero since there is no energy accumulation within the control volume. This simplifies the energy equation to:
474
The Water Cycle
24.1K
The Earth’s hydrosphere includes all of the areas where the storage and movement of water occurs. Since water is the basis of all living processes, the cycling of water is extremely important to ecosystem dynamics.
24.1K
Factors Affecting Solubility
33.0K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
33.0K
Production Efficiency
16.7K
Net production efficiency (NPE) is the efficiency at which organisms assimilate energy into biomass for the next trophic level. Due to low metabolic rates and less energy spent on thermoregulatory processes, the NPE of ectotherms (cold-blooded animals) is 10 times higher than endotherms (warm-blooded animals).
16.7K
Application of the Energy Equation
535
The application of the energy equation to centrifugal pumps is a fundamental principle in fluid dynamics and engineering. In this scenario, the energy equation is used to calculate the flow rate of a centrifugal pump responsible for transferring water between two reservoirs at different elevations. The pump applies an energy input of 7500 joules per second, and the vertical difference between the lower and upper reservoirs is 10 meters. Additionally, the head loss due to friction and other...
535
Coagulation
256
Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
256


