年龄会影响元认知吗? 一个跨领域的调查,使用一个层次化的贝叶斯框架
Lucile Meunier-Duperray1, Audrey Mazancieux2, Céline Souchay3
1Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, 38000 Grenoble, France; Université de Tours, Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7295 Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l'Apprentissage, Tours, France.
Cognition
|February 22, 2025
概括
在衰老中的超认知效率因认知领域而异. 虽然情节性记忆判断的准确性随着年龄的增长而下降,但语义记忆判断的准确性有所改善,这表明特定领域的年龄对元认知的影响.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 衰老的神经科学 衰老的神经科学
- 超认知研究的研究.
背景情况:
- 老龄化中的元认知准确性取决于领域,老年人通常在情节性记忆中表现出缺陷,但不是语义记忆.
- 与年龄相关的元认知变化是特定于任务的,其他领域 (如执行功能) 的探索较少.
- 这项研究旨在通过整合先进的方法来确定元认知是否在健康老龄化中受损.
研究的目的:
- 研究不同认知领域的元认知效率与年龄相关的变化.
- 为了确定元认知效率是否依赖于老年人的域一般或域特定过程.
- 为了澄清健康衰老中的元认知障碍的性质.
主要方法:
- 招募了一个大样本 (n=443) 18-79岁的成年人.
- 收集了对情节性记忆,语义记忆,执行功能和视觉知觉的回顾性信心判断.
- 估计的元认知效率使用一个层次化的贝叶斯实现的元-d'模型.
主要成果:
- 随着年龄的增长,元认知效率在情节性记忆任务中下降.
- 在语义记忆任务中,随着年龄的增长,元认知效率会增加.
- 在执行功能或视觉感知任务中没有发现对元认知效率的显著年龄影响.
- 超认知效率似乎涉及到老年人的总域过程.
结论:
- 健康衰老中的元认知效率并非均受损,而是表现出特定领域的模式.
- 了解衰老中的偶发性元记忆缺陷对于解决回忆和战略实施困难至关重要.
- 未来的研究应该探索在老年人中潜在的元认知表现的总域机制.
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