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通过分布相似性重新评估死亡率中的社会经济不平等
Ana C Gómez-Ugarte1, Ugofilippo Basellini2, Carlo G Camarda3
1Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany. gomezugarte@demogr.mpg.de.
Population health metrics
|February 22, 2025
概括
本研究引入了一种新方法,即多组非重叠指数,以更好地衡量死亡率中的社会经济不平等. 它揭示了死亡率的变化,而不是人口的转移,主要推动这些不平等.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 社会统计 社会统计
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 传统的社会经济不平等死亡率指标依赖于总结统计数据,可能忽略了详细的分布信息.
- 现有的方法,如斜率指数和相对不平等指数,使用特定群体的死亡年龄分布,但忽视细微的数据.
- 一种使用分布不相似性的新方法,特别是非重叠指数,已经出现用于测量寿命分层.
研究的目的:
- 严格评估和实施非重叠指数的多组扩展,以衡量社会经济不平等的死亡率.
- 评估不平等的跨国和时间差异是否是由死亡率变化或组成变化驱动的.
- 为了比较多组非重叠指数与传统的基于总结的措施.
主要方法:
- 应用多组非重叠指数 () 对由教育 (瑞典,丹麦) 和区域级贫困 (英格兰) 定义的社会经济群体.
- 分析子组内按年龄的死亡率,以捕捉分布形状.
- 将结果与预期寿命和标准化死亡率等传统指标进行比较.
主要成果:
- 多组对平均值,差异和死亡率的更广泛的分布形状的变化很敏感.
- 使用多组计算的死亡率不平等的计算水平和趋势往往不同于传统的基于总结的措施.
- 死亡率的变化比人口组成的变化对不平等的变化有更大的贡献.
结论:
- 多组非重叠指数通过同时捕捉寿命变化和中心趋势,为死亡率不平等提供了更全面的视角.
- 这种方法适用于不同情况下,可获得子组的特定年龄死亡率数据.
- 调查结果强调了考虑分布方面的重要性,而不仅仅是总结统计数据,以便全面了解社会经济健康差异.
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