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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
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The electromagnetic spectrum consists of all the types of electromagnetic radiation arranged according to their frequency and wavelength. Each of the various colors of visible light has specific frequencies and wavelengths associated with them, and you can see that visible light makes up only a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Because the technologies developed to work in various parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are different, for reasons of convenience and historical...
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人类对电离辐射的感知

Caleb Rowe1, Nathan Santiago2, Jeffrey Warner3

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概括

人类可以通过多种感官感知电离辐射,包括听觉和味觉. 这种感知可能涉及放射调制,这是一个受反应性氧物种和离子通道影响的过程.

关键词:
电离辐射辐射的电离辐射.这里有K频道.神经调节是一种神经调节.感知 感知 感知 感知辐射调制是一种放射性调制.有反应性氧物种的反应性氧物种.感官模式 感官模式在 TRP 频道.这是X射线.

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科学领域:

  • 生物物理学的生物物理.
  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 辐射生物学 辐射生物学

背景情况:

  • 人类感知电离辐射的能力尚未得到充分证实.
  • 以前的动物研究表明,X射线在腹部,嗅觉和视网膜领域的感官感知.

研究的目的:

  • 研究人类对电离辐射的感知.
  • 探索辐射感知和辐射调节的潜在机制.

主要方法:

  • 关于电离辐射急性影响的临床和实验文献的全面审查.
  • 对人类暴露于电离辐射的感觉现象的分析.
  • 检查包括反应性氧物种形成和离子通道活性在内的机制.

主要成果:

  • 有证据表明,人类可以通过听觉和味觉感官现象感知X射线.
  • 确定了放射调节作为一个潜在的机制,涉及活性氧物种和TRP/K+通道.
  • 通过切伦科夫辐射和臭氧产生的感知得到了支持.

结论:

  • 人类拥有通过各种感官方式感知电离辐射的能力.
  • 放射调节,特别是通过反应性氧物种,是提出的一个关键机制.
  • 电离辐射在医学和研究中具有重要的应用,具有未来的潜力.