探索透对沿海城市洪水的影响:从麻烦到极端事件的洞察力,使用2D/1D水力动力学建模和众包洪水报告
Sergio A Barbosa1, Yidi Wang1, Jonathan L Goodall2
1Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
The Science of the total environment
|February 23, 2025
概括
透有助于大大减少城市洪水,特别是在骚扰事件中. 这项研究模拟了弗吉尼亚州诺福克的沿海洪水,显示透降低了不那么严重的风暴的洪水范围高达33%.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 水文学的水文学
- 城市规划 城市规划
背景情况:
- 沿海城市洪水是一个越来越大的挑战,由海平面上升和降雨模式的变化加剧.
- 城市地区的不透水表面使洪水建模复杂化,往往导致低估透的作用,特别是在麻烦洪水中.
- 了解透对于准确预测和缓解脆弱沿海城市的洪水而言至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估将透过程纳入2D/1D水力动力城市洪水模型的影响.
- 为了评估各种回归周期 (1年,10年,50,100年事件) 下的洪水程度和体积减少.
- 用社区来源的数据验证洪水模型.
主要方法:
- 一个详细的2D/1D水力动力模型被应用于弗吉尼亚州诺福克的一个城市沿海流域.
- 透过程被纳入模型,以模拟它们对洪水动态的影响.
- 对不同降雨回归周期的洪水程度和水量进行了评估.
- 来自社区居民和司机的数据被用于模型验证.
主要成果:
- 透损失在一年的回归期中减少了33%的淹水面积,在10年,50年和100年的回归期中分别减少了12%,9%和5%.
- 由于透而导致的洪水量减少为1年事件的29%,由于土壤快速和而导致的极端事件的减少较小.
- 该模型准确地预测了洪水的位置,与88%的社区报告和89%的司机报告保持一致.
结论:
- 透在缓解城市洪水,特别是干扰事件方面发挥着重要作用,通过减少洪水的范围和数量.
- 虽然透能力在极端事件中被压倒,但它仍然是管理不那么严重,更频繁的洪水的关键因素.
- 众包数据为验证城市洪水模型提供了有价值的工具,提高了它们的可靠性和准确性.
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