提高运动员在压力下的表现:归因训练在缓解窒息中发挥的作用
Dan Huang1,2, Huilin Wang3, Yiwei Tang2
1Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Frontiers in psychology
|February 24, 2025
概括
在精英运动员中,归因训练显著减少了对失败的恐惧和自我批评. 这种干预改善了运动员的自我效能和积极情绪,提高了体育表现.
科学领域:
- 运动心理学 体育心理学
- 表演心理学 表演心理学
- 认知行为干预 认知行为干预
背景情况:
- 运动员在压力下经常经历技能下降,这种情况被称为窒息.
- 这种现象的特点是,尽管运动员努力避免这种现象,但运动员的表现却出现了矛盾的下降.
- 害怕失败和自我批评是导致体育运动中窒息的关键心理因素.
研究的目的:
- 调查归因训练对精英运动员窒息的影响.
- 评估归因训练如何影响失败恐惧,自我批评和自我效能.
- 通过心理干预来增强运动员的动力和表现.
主要方法:
- 雪球采样被用来招募中国中部的精英运动员.
- 在2023年10月至12月期间,通过在线和离线调查问卷收集数据.
- 分析了328份有效的问卷,以探索培训变量与自我效能之间的关系.
主要成果:
- 归因训练与减少对失败的恐惧 (β=-0.548,p<0.001) 和自我批评 (β=-0.531,p<0.001) 有显著的相关性.
- 对失败的恐惧 (β=-0.240,p<0.001) 和自我批评 (β=-0.408,p<0.001) 与自我有效性有负面关联.
- 失败恐惧和自我批评之间也发现了显著的相关性 (β=-0.211,p<0.01).
结论:
- 归因训练有效地减少了运动员对失败的恐惧和自我批评.
- 这种干预导致消极情绪减少,积极情绪和自我效能增加.
- 这些心理改善有助于增强体育表现和行为修改.
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