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相关概念视频

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
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piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
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Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

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In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
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相关实验视频

Updated: May 26, 2025

siRNA Transfection and EMSA Analyses on Freshly Isolated Human Villous Cytotrophoblasts
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siRNA Transfection and EMSA Analyses on Freshly Isolated Human Villous Cytotrophoblasts

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描述了人类胎盘的细胞特异性小非编码RNA转录组.

Nikita Telkar1, Desmond Hui1, Maria S Peñaherrera1

  • 1British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute.

Research square
|February 24, 2025
PubMed
概括

这项研究揭示了人类胎盘发育中的细胞特异性小非编码RNA (sncRNA) 表达模式. 不同的胎盘细胞类型显示出不同的sncRNA表达特征,为基因调节提供了洞察力.

关键词:
胆 ?? 状皮是什么意思这是一个小RNARNA.胎盘 胎盘 胎盘 胎盘小型非编码RNA.热囊细胞的热囊细胞.

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Profiling Individual Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Quantitative RT-PCR
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科学领域:

  • 生殖生物学 生殖生物学
  • 基因组学就是基因组学.
  • 分子生物学分子生物学

背景情况:

  • 人类胎盘包括各种各样的细胞类型,对其功能至关重要.
  • 小型非编码RNAs (sncRNAs) 调节基因表达,并且可以是细胞特异的.
  • 在单个胎盘细胞类型中研究sncRNA转录组是具有挑战性的,因为隔离困难.

研究的目的:

  • 探索大量胎盘小和主要隔离的胎盘细胞类型的sncRNA转录组.
  • 描述不同细胞类型和妊娠年龄的sncRNA表达模式.
  • 研究胎盘中sncRNA表达和DNA甲基化之间的相关性.

主要方法:

  • 使用定制测序方法分析了七种sncRNA物种 (miRNA,piRNA,rRNA,scaRNA,snRNA,snoRNA,tRNA).
  • 检查了整个胆管和FACS排序的细胞质细胞,树皮细胞,内皮细胞和来自第一季度和终产胎盘的霍夫尔细胞.
  • 进行了正常化和聚类,以分析sncRNA表达差异和与DNA甲基化相关的相关性.

主要成果:

  • 胎盘样本在正常化后主要按细胞类型的血统聚集.
  • 虽然没有独特表达的sncRNAs,但115个sncRNAs在细胞类型中显示出差异平均表达.
  • 已知的胎盘表达的sncRNAs根据细胞类型和三个月的表达方式有所变化;很少有人因性别而异.

结论:

  • 这是首次全面探索大批和排序的人类胎盘细胞中的sncRNA转录组.
  • 研究结果提供了关于sncRNAs在人类胎盘发育中的细胞特异表达和调节作用的见解.
  • 确定了特定于细胞类型和三个月的sncRNA表达模式,有助于理解胎盘功能.