基准测试DNA序列模型用于人类遗传学的因果调节变异预测
Gonzalo Benegas1, Gökcen Eraslan2, Yun S Song1,3,4
1Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley.
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|February 24, 2025
概括
一个新的数据集,TraitGym,有助于识别疾病的因果遗传变异. 它对机器学习模型进行了基准测试,揭示了基于对齐和功能基因组学方法对孟德尔和复杂特征的优势.
科学领域:
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 机器学习 机器学习
- 计算生物学 计算生物学
背景情况:
- 机器学习 (ML) 对于识别孟德尔和复杂特征的因果遗传变异至关重要.
- 目前的ML方法包括监督的序列到功能和自我监督的DNA语言模型.
- 缺乏精准标签的精心策划的数据集阻碍了基准测试,特别是对于非编码变体.
研究的目的:
- 介绍TraitGym,这是一个监管基因变异的精心策划的数据集,用于对ML模型进行基准测试.
- 评估各种ML模型在预测因果变异方面的性能.
- 提供有关不同预测策略的能力和局限性的见解.
主要方法:
- 开发了TraitGym,这是对113个孟德尔特征和83个复杂特征的因果/候选调节变异和控制的数据集.
- 作为二进制分类任务的框架变量预测.
- 基准监督,自我监督,混合和整体ML模型.
主要成果:
- 基于对齐的模型 (CADD,GPN-MSA) 对孟德尔和复杂疾病特征表现良好.
- 功能性基因组学模型 (Enformer,Borzoi) 在复杂的非疾病特征方面表现出色.
- Evo2显示了可扩展性的好处,但落后于对齐模型,特别是增强器变体.
结论:
- TraitGym促进了ML模型的全面基准测试,以识别因果变异.
- 不同的ML方法表现出不同的性能,这取决于特征类型和变异类.
- 数据集和基准为推进遗传变体解释提供了有价值的资源.
相关概念视频
Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs
17.6K
Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
17.6K
Cis-regulatory Sequences
9.8K
Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
9.8K
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS
13.2K
Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
13.2K
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons
5.7K
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
5.7K
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?
7.0K
The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
In contrast, regions which code...
7.0K
Incomplete Dominance
22.0K
Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
22.0K


