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早期生活因素,饮食和微生物群,以及炎症性肠道疾病的风险
Joyce Wing Yan Mak1, Aaron Tsz Wang Lo1, Siew Chien Ng1,2,3,4
1Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology
|February 24, 2025
概括
饮食选择显著影响炎症性肠道疾病 (IBD) 的风险. 采用健康的饮食模式,包括地中海式饮食,可以通过改变肠道微生物群和免疫反应来降低IBD风险.
科学领域:
- 胃肠病学 胃肠病学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 微生物组研究 微生物组研究
背景情况:
- 炎症性肠病 (IBD),包括克罗恩病 (CD) 和性结肠炎 (UC),源于免疫系统对肠道细菌的调节失调.
- 全球IBD发病率正在上升,特别是在发展中国家,由遗传,免疫,微生物和环境因素的复杂相互作用驱动.
- 怀孕期间母亲的健康状况,包括微生物群状况,饮食和暴露,会影响后代对IBD的易感性.
研究的目的:
- 审查饮食和生活方式改变在IBD发展和预防中的作用.
- 探索饮食模式和食物成分如何影响肠道微生物群和与IBD相关的免疫反应.
- 评估饮食干预措施对IBD风险降低和管理的潜力.
主要方法:
- 流行病学和临床前研究的系统审查.
- 对饮食模式 (如地中海饮食,超加工食品) 和食品添加剂 (乳化剂,甜味剂) 的研究分析.
- 检查母亲的饮食和早期生命微生物组操纵在IBD病因学和预防.
主要成果:
- 高炎症饮食和超加工食品与CD风险增加有关.
- 地中海式饮食促进有益的肠道微生物群的转变,减少炎症.
- 孕产妇的饮食,包括高脂肪摄入量,会影响后代的炎症反应;益生菌和特定的孕产妇饮食可能会提供保护.
结论:
- 饮食干预显示了调节肠道微生物群和免疫路径以预防和管理IBD的显著潜力.
- 改变生活方式,特别是坚持健康饮食,可以大大降低IBD的风险,即使在遗传敏感的个体.
- 进一步的研究对于阐明精确的机制和优化IBD预防和肠道健康的饮食策略至关重要.
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