在陆地脊椎动物中没有Peto悖论的证据
George Butler1,2, Joanna Baker3, Sarah R Amend2
1University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, United Kingdom.
概括
较大物种的癌症患病率更高,反驳了佩托悖论. 哺乳动物和鸟类的加速体型进化与癌症的减少相关,这表明细胞生长控制的增强.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 癌症研究 癌症研究
- 比較瘤學 的相關搜尋
背景情况:
- 预计体型较大,寿命较长的物种由于细胞分裂增加,癌症患病率更高.
- 佩托悖论描述了在物种之间缺乏观察到的身体尺寸和癌症患病率之间的相关性.
- 之前的研究已经确定了特定物种的抗癌机制,但缺乏更广泛的遗传学证据.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究不同脊椎动物种群体内的身体大小和癌症患病率之间的关系.
- 为了测试佩托悖论的有效性,使用基因组学比较方法.
- 探索癌症防御的进化驱动器与体型进化的关系.
主要方法:
- 在两动物,鸟类,哺乳动物和状爬行动物中对癌症患病率和体型的基因组比较分析.
- 统计建模以评估身体尺寸演变率与瘤/恶性瘤患病率之间的关联.
- 检查与抗癌防御有关的身体大小的异质进化路径.
主要成果:
- 与佩托悖论相反,较大的物种与较小的物种相比,癌症患病率更高.
- 哺乳动物和鸟类体型演变的加快速度与癌症患病率的下降有关.
- 有证据表明,身体尺寸的快速进化与改进的细胞生长控制机制的发展有关.
结论:
- 这项研究驳斥了佩托悖论,提供了经验证据,证明体型更大与癌症患病率增加有关.
- 身体尺寸的进化速度在塑造抗癌防御的发展和有效性方面发挥着重要作用.
- 身体尺寸的多种进化途径影响了跨物种的癌症耐药性的进化.
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