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相关概念视频

Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...

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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Automated Dissection Protocol for Tumor Enrichment in Low Tumor Content Tissues
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在西班牙语的病理学报告中开发和验证瘤编码的自动支持系统.

Fabián Villena1,2,3, Pablo Báez4,5, Sergio Peñafiel6

  • 1Department of Computer Sciences, Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Región Metropolitana, Chile.

JCO clinical cancer informatics
|February 24, 2025
PubMed
概括

这项研究引入了编码癌症病理报告的自动化系统,提高了癌症注册数据收集的效率和准确性. 该系统使用自然语言处理来提取瘤信息,并建议国际瘤疾病分类 (ICD-O) 代码.

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科学领域:

  • 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
  • 自然语言处理自然语言处理.
  • 在瘤学瘤学.

背景情况:

  • 病理学报告对于癌症登记处至关重要,但手动编码是耗时的.
  • 自动从非结构化病理报告中提取信息是一个重大挑战.

研究的目的:

  • 开发和验证病理学报告的两步自动编码系统.
  • 识别瘤形态和地形记载,并建议西班牙语的瘤疾病国际分类 (ICD-O) 代码.

主要方法:

  • 创建了1,101份关于瘤形态学和地形学提及的文档的注释集.
  • 实施了一个命名实体识别 (NER) 模型,使用双向LSTM-CRF,并从预训练的语言模型中转移学习.
  • 使用一个针对ICD-O代码的搜索引擎进行后续编码.

主要成果:

  • 在NER模型中,F1得分为形态学0.86,地形学0.90.
  • 自动编码系统在五个建议中实现了0.72 (形态) 和0.65 (地形) 的精度.

结论:

  • 自然语言处理工具可以在癌症中心可行地实施,用于例行病理学报告编码.
  • 开发的推者系统在咨询点提供可靠和透明的编码.
  • 该研究提供了注释的语料库,指导方针和可复制性的源代码.